When reviewing the medical record of a child, what would the nurse interpret as the most sensitive indicator of intellectual disability?
History of seizures.
Preterm birth.
Vision deficit.
Language delay.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Seizures, while common in children with various neurological disorders, including those with intellectual disability, are not the most sensitive or specific indicator for intellectual disability itself. Seizure disorders can result from many causes, such as structural brain abnormalities, infections, or genetic conditions, and their presence alone does not reliably quantify or define the degree of cognitive impairment.
Choice B rationale
Preterm birth, especially very low birth weight, is a significant risk factor for developmental delays and intellectual disability due to potential damage to the developing brain; however, many preterm infants develop normally. It is an antecedent risk, not a direct measure or the most sensitive clinical indicator of existing intellectual functional limitations.
Choice C rationale
Vision deficits are sensory impairments that can coexist with intellectual disability or be caused by related syndromes, but they are separate developmental domains. A vision deficit does not directly reflect the child's adaptive behavior or intellectual functioning, which are the core components used to define intellectual disability.
Choice D rationale
Language delay is often one of the earliest and most observable indicators of intellectual disability in children, as communication skills are integral to cognitive development and adaptive functioning. Delays in acquiring language milestones, such as using first words or combining words, frequently correlate strongly with underlying cognitive limitations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Incessant, high-pitched crying is a hallmark symptom of central nervous system (CNS) hyperirritability observed in infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). This persistent distress is due to the lack of the depressant drug effects in the newborn's system, leading to uncoordinated and exaggerated responses to stimuli. The infant's state is often difficult to soothe, contributing to parental stress and feeding difficulties.
Choice B rationale
Pharmacological treatment for significant opioid-related withdrawal (NAS) often involves the use of opioids, such as morphine or methadone, to manage severe symptoms, allowing the infant to be weaned gradually from the dependence. For withdrawal from other substances, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, supportive care is primarily used, while for alcohol, benzodiazepines might be used, reflecting substance-specific treatment strategies.
Choice C rationale
Clustering care minimizes external stimulation and provides periods of uninterrupted rest, which is essential for managing the CNS hyperirritability common in NAS. Furthermore, feeding difficulties are frequent due to poor suck-swallow coordination, tremors, and gastric issues, so dedicated, supportive feeding assistance is a crucial component of the nursing care plan.
Choice D rationale
Urine and meconium drug screening is absolutely indicated and is crucial for identifying the specific substances the infant was exposed to prenatally. This information is vital for diagnosis, determining the severity of withdrawal (using tools like the Finnegan score), guiding the appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment plan, and initiating social services involvement. —.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, which causes light rays to focus unevenly on the retina, resulting in distorted or blurred vision at any distance. The primary treatment for astigmatism is the use of corrective lenses, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses, not therapeutic eye patching.
Choice B rationale
Hyperopia, or farsightedness, occurs when the light focuses behind the retina because the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat, causing difficulty seeing objects up close. This condition is primarily managed by prescribing convex corrective lenses to help shift the focal point onto the retina.
Choice C rationale
Myopia, or nearsightedness, occurs when the light focuses in front of the retina because the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too steep, causing blurry distance vision. The standard treatment involves concave corrective lenses to diverge light rays and properly position the focal point on the retina.
Choice D rationale
Amblyopia, commonly called "lazy eye," is a reduction in visual acuity in one eye that results from the eye and brain not working well together, often caused by untreated strabismus or refractive errors. Patching the strong eye forces the brain to use the weaker, amblyopic eye, stimulating the development of the neural pathways necessary for clear vision.
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