Which adverse effect can result if tetracycline is administered to children younger than 8 years of age?

Choice A reason: Grapefruit juice inhibits hepatic CYP3A4, increasing plasma levels of statins like simvastatin, which are metabolized by this enzyme. This can lead to toxicity, including myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. Patients on antilipemic therapy must avoid grapefruit juice to prevent excessive drug accumulation and adverse effects.

Choice B reason: Bran muffins, high in fiber, do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs like statins. Fiber may reduce cholesterol absorption, complementing therapy, but it does not affect drug metabolism or efficacy, making it an irrelevant food interaction to discuss for antilipemic therapy.

Choice C reason: Licorice may cause hypokalemia or hypertension, affecting drugs like diuretics, but it has no major interaction with antilipemics like statins. Its effects on mineralocorticoid activity are unrelated to cholesterol-lowering drug metabolism, making it less relevant for antilipemic therapy education.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not significantly interact with antilipemic drugs. They may affect absorption of bile acid sequestrants, but statins, the most common antilipemics, are unaffected. Grapefruit juice’s impact on statin metabolism is a more critical drug-food interaction to address with patients.

Choice A reason: Tingling and numbness are not expected side effects of amphotericin B. Common side effects include fever, chills, and nephrotoxicity. Neurological symptoms like paresthesia may indicate serious toxicity or infusion reactions, requiring immediate action, not dismissal, to prevent potential nerve damage or systemic complications.

Choice B reason: Reducing the infusion rate may help with infusion-related reactions like fever but is not the first action for tingling and numbness, which suggest neurotoxicity or electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypomagnesemia). Stopping the infusion is prioritized to assess and prevent further harm, followed by physician consultation.

Choice C reason: Discontinuing amphotericin B infusion immediately is critical for tingling and numbness, as these may indicate neurotoxicity or severe infusion reactions. Amphotericin B’s binding to ergosterol can cause systemic toxicity, and stopping the infusion prevents further exposure, allowing assessment of symptoms and potential electrolyte or neurological issues.

Choice D reason: Rapid IV infusion of amphotericin B is contraindicated, as it increases toxicity, including nephrotoxicity and infusion reactions. Tingling and numbness require stopping the infusion, not speeding it up, to avoid exacerbating potential neurotoxic or systemic effects, ensuring patient safety during antifungal therapy.