Which antibody is released during a primary immune response?

A. Inflammation increases capillary permeability:During inflammation, capillaries become more permeable to allow plasma proteins, leukocytes, and nutrients to enter the tissue. This is a key process that facilitates the immune response and tissue repair.

B. Release of prostaglandins results in pain:Prostaglandins are chemical mediators released during inflammation that sensitize nerve endings, causing pain. This serves as a warning signal and helps protect the injured area.

C. Chemotaxis draws leukocytes to the site of injury:Chemotaxis involves the directed migration of leukocytes toward the site of infection or injury. This ensures that immune cells reach affected tissues to fight pathogens and clear debris.

D. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury:Inflammation is characterized by vasodilation, not vasoconstriction. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the injured area, bringing immune cells and nutrients to support the healing process. Vasoconstriction is not part of the inflammatory response.

A. Vessel radius increases:Increasing the radius of a blood vessel reduces resistance and allows blood to flow more easily. According to Poiseuille’s law, a larger radius increases flow velocity, so this does not decrease velocity.

B. Afterload increases:Afterload is the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood. An increase in afterload slows the ejection of blood from the ventricles, reducing the velocity of blood flow through the arterial system.

C. Blood pressure increases:Higher blood pressure creates a greater driving force for blood, which generally increases flow velocity rather than decreasing it.

D. Vasomotion decreases:Vasomotion refers to the rhythmic constriction and dilation of arterioles. A decrease in vasomotion may reduce perfusion regulation but does not directly decrease velocity in large vessels as significantly as an increase in afterload does.