The pulse rate depends on all of the following except one. Select the one answer the does NOT affect a pulse rate reading.
emotions
activity
the vessel selected to palpate
postural changes
The Correct Answer is C
A. Emotions: Emotional states, such as stress or anxiety, stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and thus affecting the pulse rate. Emotional fluctuations can cause measurable changes in pulse readings.
B. Activity: Physical activity raises heart rate to meet the increased oxygen and nutrient demands of tissues. Pulse rate typically rises during exercise and decreases with rest, making activity a significant factor.
C. The vessel selected to palpate: The choice of vessel (e.g., radial, carotid, brachial) does not inherently alter the actual heart rate; it only provides a site to detect the pulse. Pulse readings reflect heart rate regardless of which accessible artery is used.
D. Postural changes: Changes in body position, such as standing or sitting, can temporarily influence heart rate due to shifts in venous return and baroreceptor responses. This makes postural changes a relevant factor in pulse rate variability.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Store iron from hemoglobin:The spleen breaks down old erythrocytes and stores the iron from hemoglobin for reuse in new red blood cell production. This storage function is an important aspect of its role in recycling nutrients.
B. House B and T lymphocytes:The spleen contains white pulp, which is rich in lymphocytes. It provides a site for immune surveillance and activation of B and T cells, supporting adaptive immune responses.
C. Remove and recycle old erythrocytes and platelets:The spleen filters blood, removing aged or damaged erythrocytes and platelets. Macrophages within the spleen phagocytose these cells and recycle their components, maintaining blood health.
D. Produce new erythrocytes in adults:In healthy adults, the spleen does not produce new erythrocytes. Erythropoiesis primarily occurs in the red bone marrow, making this option not a normal function of the spleen.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Muscular arteries and arterioles:Both muscular arteries and arterioles contain smooth muscle and some elastic tissue within their walls. These elastic components help them withstand pressure changes and regulate blood flow. Because they possess measurable elasticity, they cannot be categorized as vessels lacking elastic tissue.
B. Venules and veins:Veins and venules do contain small amounts of elastic fibers, even though they are far less elastic than arteries. These fibers help accommodate changes in blood volume and allow the vessel walls to stretch as they act as capacitance vessels. Since elastic tissue is present, they do not fit the criterion of lacking elasticity.
C. Capillaries and venules:Capillaries lack elastic tissue entirely because their walls consist of only a single layer of endothelial cells to allow rapid exchange of gases and nutrients. Venules, especially the smallest ones, also have minimal to no elastic tissue, consisting mainly of endothelium and a thin connective layer. This combination makes them the best match for vessels lacking elastic fibers.
D. Arterioles and capillaries:Arterioles possess smooth muscle and contain elastic tissue that allows them to regulate resistance and control blood flow into capillary beds. Capillaries alone lack elastic tissue, but arterioles do not.
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