Which components of blood plasma can be detected by a blood chemistry test?

A. is the most commonly requested specimen: spot and routine urine tests are more commonly requested than 24-hour collections.
B. is utilized to evaluate excretion rates of some substances: 24-hour urine collections measure total daily excretion of substances (e.g., creatinine clearance, protein, catecholamines).
C. requires the nurse to cleanse the genital areas: Cleaning may be advised for some urine collections (midstream), but it is not the defining or best description of a 24-hour collection.
D. this is the first voided specimen of the day: a true 24-hour collection usually starts by discarding the first morning void and collecting all urine for the next 24 hours, including the next morning’s first void.

A. dysplasia: Dysplasia is disordered, atypical cellular growth and architecture (precancerous changes) commonly seen on Pap smears and most associated with cervical cancer.
B. atrophy: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size/function (e.g., muscle wasting) and is not characteristic of malignant transformation.
C. metaplasia: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one adult cell type by another (e.g., endocervical columnar → squamous), and while it can precede dysplasia, it is not itself cancer.
D. hypertrophy: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size (not a feature of cancer development).