Which condition is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris on the inner layers of the walls of large- and medium-sized arteries?
Atherosclerosis
Pulmonary hypertension
Thrombophlebitis
Lymphedema
The Correct Answer is A
A. Atherosclerosis. This is the specific term for the buildup of "atheromas" or plaques (made of fat, cholesterol, and calcium) within the arterial walls.
B. Pulmonary hypertension. This is high blood pressure in the lung arteries; it is a hemodynamic state, not a description of plaque buildup.
C. Thrombophlebitis. This is inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot, usually in the legs.
D. Lymphedema. This is swelling caused by an accumulation of lymph fluid in soft tissues, usually due to a blockage in the lymphatic system.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dominant: Dominance refers to the relationship between alleles where one masks the expression of another; it doesn't describe the state of having two identical alleles.
B. Homozygous: The prefix "homo-" means same. A homozygous individual has two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).
C. Heterozygous: "Hetero-" means different. This describes a gene where the two alleles are different (e.g., Aa).
D. Recessive: A recessive allele is one that is only expressed physically if the individual is homozygous for that trait (aa), but the term itself doesn't define the act of inheriting two of the same alleles.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Fatigue and pallor. These are general symptoms of all anemias. In hemolytic anemia, the premature destruction of RBCs leads to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, causing tiredness and pale skin.
B. Koilonychias and foot pain. Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) is a specific sign of iron deficiency anemia, not hemolytic anemia.
C. Anxiety and bradycardia. Anemia usually causes tachycardia as the heart tries to compensate for low oxygen, not bradycardia.
D. Pica and hair loss. Pica (craving non-food items) is specifically associated with iron deficiency anemia.
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