A 30-year-old female presented with fatigue, weight loss, anxiety, loss of sleep, and heat intolerance.
Eye exam: Loss of blinking, protruding eyeball.
Skin exam: Thickened patches of skin on her legs.
Cardiac Exam: Tachycardia, heart murmurs, cardiomegaly Blood tests: Increased 13, 14.
Thyroid Scan: Increased uptake of radioactive iodine.
Which diagnosis is described?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Myxedema
Graves' disease
Simple goiter
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hashimoto thyroiditis: This is an autoimmune condition that usually leads to hypothyroidism (low T3/T4), resulting in weight gain and cold intolerance, the opposite of this patient.
B. Myxedema: This is a term for severe, advanced hypothyroidism. It presents with lethargy and swelling, not tachycardia or heat intolerance.
C. Graves' disease: This is a form of hyperthyroidism. The hallmark signs include "protruding eyeballs" (exophthalmos), heat intolerance, weight loss, and elevated thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
D. Simple goiter: This is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often due to iodine deficiency, but it does not typically cause the systemic hyperthyroid symptoms or the eye changes seen here.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A weakening of the lymphatic vessels. Treatment targets the cancer cells in the lymph nodes, but the primary complication is systemic rather than structural vessel weakness.
B. A weakened immune system. Chemotherapy and radiation used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma destroy rapidly dividing cells, including healthy white blood cells (neutropenia), leaving the patient highly susceptible to infections.
C. Increased cognitive impairment. While "chemo-fog" exists, a weakened immune system is a more direct and clinically significant life-threatening complication.
D. Increased levels of monocytes in the blood. Treatments generally decrease blood cell counts (leukopenia) rather than increasing specific white cell counts like monocytes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Albumin: Albumin is the primary plasma protein. Because it is too large to easily leave the capillaries, it creates "osmotic pressure" that pulls water into the circulatory system, preventing edema.
B. Chloride: Chloride is an electrolyte involved in fluid balance and acid-base status, but it does not exert significant oncotic pressure.
C. Phosphate: This is an intracellular anion important for bone and ATP, not vascular oncotic pressure.
D. Potassium: Potassium is the primary intracellular cation; it regulates cell membrane potential rather than vascular oncotic pressure.
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