Which describes a potential complication associated with substance abuse?
Hallucinogenic drugs usually cause relaxed and calm behavior.
Infection is uncommon among drug users who share needles.
Withdrawal symptoms include hypotension, diarrhea, and jaundice.
Overdose may occur since street drugs may be contaminated.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hallucinogenic drugs usually cause relaxed and calm behavior: Hallucinogens typically alter perception, mood, and cognition, causing hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, or paranoia rather than relaxation. They are not associated with predictable calm behavior, so this does not reflect a common complication of substance abuse.
B. Infection is uncommon among drug users who share needles: Sharing needles is a major risk factor for bloodborne infections, including HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Infection is actually very common in this population.
C. Withdrawal symptoms include hypotension, diarrhea, and jaundice: Withdrawal symptoms vary depending on the substance. Hypotension and diarrhea can occur with some drug withdrawals, such as opioids, but jaundice is not a typical withdrawal symptom; it usually reflects liver disease or hepatotoxicity, not cessation of the drug.
D. Overdose may occur since street drugs may be contaminated: Contamination or unknown potency of street drugs increases the risk of accidental overdose, which can lead to respiratory depression, cardiac arrest, or death. This is a common and serious complication of substance abuse, particularly with opioids, stimulants, or mixed substances.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Blood vessels become damaged in the brain and interrupt blood flow:This describes vascular dementia, where cerebrovascular damage leads to reduced perfusion and cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s disease, however, is not primarily caused by vascular obstruction.
B. Abnormal tau proteins that damage the frontal lobe:While tau protein abnormalities contribute to Alzheimer’s disease, the frontal lobe is less prominently affected in early stages. Tau tangles primarily accumulate in the hippocampus and temporal lobes, affecting memory and learning first.
C. Repeated traumatic brain injuries causing encephalopathy:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy results from repeated head trauma and is distinct from Alzheimer’s disease. The etiology, affected brain regions, and proteinopathies differ between the two conditions.
D. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles that damage the hippocampus:Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by extracellular amyloid-beta plaque accumulation and intracellular tau protein tangles. These pathological changes disrupt synaptic communication and neuronal function, particularly in the hippocampus, leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Because the lungs cannot supply enough oxygen to the heart:The lungs generally provide adequate oxygenation, and hypoxemia is not the primary cause of angina in coronary artery disease. The issue is not oxygen delivery from the lungs but the limited blood flow through narrowed coronary arteries.
B. Because there is inflammation in the muscles of the chest:Chest muscle inflammation does not cause myocardial ischemia. Angina originates from insufficient coronary blood flow relative to myocardial oxygen demand, not from musculoskeletal inflammation.
C. Because the heart valves are not functioning appropriately:Valvular disorders can affect cardiac output and workload, but angina in coronary artery disease is specifically due to impaired coronary perfusion. Valve dysfunction alone does not directly cause the classic exertional chest pain of angina.
D. Because there is increased oxygen demand by the heart:During exercise, the myocardium requires more oxygen to sustain increased cardiac output. In coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic narrowing limits blood flow, so oxygen supply cannot meet demand. This imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and delivery triggers ischemic pain, experienced as angina.
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