Which diet would be most appropriate for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

High-calorie, high-protein diet

Bland, soft diet

Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet

Low-sodium, high calorie diet

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. High-calorie, high-protein diet: Increased work of breathing elevates caloric needs, and protein supports respiratory muscle strength and tissue repair. Adequate calories and protein help prevent weight loss and muscle wasting.

B. Bland, soft diet: While easier to chew, a bland soft diet does not specifically meet the increased nutritional needs of COPD clients. It may be helpful in other conditions but is not the best choice here.

C. Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet: Although heart-healthy, this diet does not address the elevated energy and protein demands of COPD. Restricting fat unnecessarily can limit caloric intake, worsening malnutrition in these clients.

D. Low-sodium, high-calorie diet: Sodium restriction is more critical for conditions like hypertension or heart failure. In COPD, the emphasis should be on high-calorie and high-protein intake rather than sodium control unless comorbidities require it.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Cognitive: Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include impairments in memory, attention, executive functioning, and problem-solving. Echolalia does not represent a cognitive deficit but rather an abnormal speech pattern tied to psychotic features.

B. Positive: Echolalia, the repetition of words or phrases spoken by another, is considered a positive symptom. Positive symptoms add abnormal experiences or behaviors, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech, making echolalia fit into this category.

C. Hallucination: Hallucinations involve false sensory perceptions such as hearing, seeing, or feeling things that are not present. Echolalia is not a sensory distortion but a speech pattern disturbance, so it does not fall into the hallucination category.

D. Negative: Negative symptoms include diminished emotional expression, alogia, avolition, and social withdrawal. Echolalia does not reflect a reduction or absence of normal behavior but rather the presence of an additional abnormal behavior.

A. Ideas of reference B. Delusion C. Hallucination D. Avolition

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ideas of reference: This refers to believing that neutral events, such as people talking or television messages, have personal meaning directed specifically at oneself. The patient’s belief is more consistent with a fixed false belief rather than an interpretation of unrelated events.

B. Delusion: A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is not based in reality. Thinking that student nurses are spies reflects a paranoid delusion, which is common in schizophrenia and involves mistrust and suspicion of others’ intentions.

C. Hallucination: Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not present. The patient’s report does not involve sensory distortions but rather a false belief about others’ behavior, which distinguishes it from a hallucination.

D. Avolition: This refers to a lack of motivation or inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed behavior, often seen as a negative symptom of schizophrenia. The scenario does not describe reduced motivation but rather the presence of paranoid thinking, making avolition unlikely.

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Which diet would be most appropriate for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Echolalia is what type of symptom of Schizophrenia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient with schizophrenia believes the student nurses are at the hospital to spy on them. The patient is suffering from what type of symptom?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient taking a first generation anti-psychotic medication is noted to grimace and smack both lips. The patient's neck and shoulders twisting in a snakelike motion. What problem would the nurse suspect?

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Which diet would be most appropriate for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

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