Which group of medications should be avoided in elderly clients due to an increased risk of the client experiencing adverse effects?
Vitamins
Laxatives
Antihistamines
Antacids
The Correct Answer is C
A. Vitamins: While excessive vitamin use can pose risks, standard supplementation is generally safe in older adults when indicated. They are not commonly associated with severe adverse drug effects that warrant avoidance in the elderly population.
B. Laxatives: Overuse of laxatives can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but they are often needed in the elderly due to constipation from reduced mobility or other medications. They should be used with caution, not completely avoided.
C. Antihistamines: First-generation antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) have strong anticholinergic effects, which can cause confusion, urinary retention, dry mouth, and increased fall risk in elderly clients. They are listed in the Beers Criteria as drugs to avoid in older adults.
D. Antacids: Antacids are generally safe when used appropriately, though some can interfere with absorption of other medications. They do not pose the same level of systemic risk in elderly patients as antihistamines do.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Tension and migraine headaches: Garlic has no therapeutic effect on neurological conditions such as headaches or migraines. Herbs like feverfew or magnesium supplements are more commonly associated with migraine relief, not garlic.
B. Nausea and peptic ulcer disease: Garlic can actually irritate the gastric mucosa when taken in large amounts, potentially worsening nausea or ulcer symptoms. It is therefore not recommended for individuals with gastrointestinal sensitivity or peptic ulcer disease.
C. Chronic diarrhea and hemorrhoids: Garlic is not indicated for managing diarrhea or hemorrhoids. In some individuals, excessive garlic intake may even contribute to gastrointestinal upset or altered bowel movements rather than relief.
D. Hypertension and heart disease: Garlic is widely used for its cardiovascular benefits, including lowering blood pressure, reducing LDL cholesterol, and improving overall vascular health. Its antiplatelet and vasodilatory effects make it beneficial in managing hypertension and supporting heart health.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow: Ginkgo biloba primarily works by improving circulation through vasodilation and reducing platelet aggregation. Enhanced cerebral blood flow is thought to support memory, cognition, and overall brain function.
B. Stimulates the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine: Dopamine stimulation is associated with medications used for Parkinson’s disease, such as levodopa. Ginkgo biloba does not act on dopamine receptors or pathways and therefore does not produce dopaminergic effects.
C. Mimics the effect of the hormone estrogen: Phytoestrogenic effects are linked to herbs like black cohosh or soy isoflavones. Ginkgo biloba does not mimic estrogenic activity or influence hormonal balance.
D. Enhances the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA: Herbs such as valerian root and kava act on GABA receptors to promote relaxation. Ginkgo biloba does not enhance GABA activity; its benefits stem from vascular and antioxidant mechanisms rather than sedative properties.
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