Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant antibody in plasma?
IgE
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgD
The Correct Answer is C
A. IgE: IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections. It is present in very low concentrations in plasma compared to other antibody classes.
B. IgM: IgM is the first antibody produced during a primary immune response. Although effective in agglutination and complement activation, it is less abundant in plasma than IgG.
C. IgG: IgG is the most abundant antibody in plasma, accounting for about 75–80% of circulating antibodies. It provides long-term immunity after infection or vaccination and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus.
D. IgA: IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk. Its plasma concentration is lower than IgG, making it less abundant in the bloodstream.
E. IgD: IgD is present in very low concentrations in plasma and primarily functions as a receptor on immature B cells rather than providing systemic immunity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Artificial passive immunity:Artificial passive immunity involves the transfer of preformed antibodies, such as through immunoglobulin injections. Vaccination does not provide preformed antibodies, so this does not apply.
B. Artificial specific immunity:While vaccines do target specific pathogens, the term is not precise in immunology. Vaccination specifically stimulates the adaptive immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells, so a more accurate description is needed.
C. Natural active immunity:Natural active immunity occurs when an individual is exposed to a pathogen naturally and mounts their own immune response. Vaccination provides antigen exposure without natural infection, so it is not natural.
D. Natural passive immunity:Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from mother to child, such as through breast milk. Vaccines do not provide immunity via maternal antibodies.
E. Artificial active immunity:Vaccination introduces antigens into the body, prompting the immune system to produce its own antibodies and memory cells. This is an example of artificial active immunity, as the immunity is actively generated through an artificial intervention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals:Peripheral resistance is a critical determinant of blood pressure, even in healthy individuals. Resistance in the arterioles directly affects how hard the heart must pump to maintain adequate perfusion.
B. Increases as blood viscosity increases:Higher blood viscosity, such as from elevated hematocrit, increases the internal friction within blood vessels. This greater resistance makes it more difficult for blood to flow, thereby raising peripheral resistance and contributing to higher blood pressure.
C. Increases as blood vessel diameter increases:Peripheral resistance actually decreases as vessel diameter increases because wider vessels allow blood to flow more easily. Vasoconstriction, not dilation, is what increases resistance.
D. Decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel:Resistance increases with the length of a blood vessel since a longer vessel provides more frictional surface for blood flow. Therefore, this statement is incorrect; longer vessels contribute to higher, not lower, peripheral resistance.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.