Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant antibody in plasma?
IgE
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgD
The Correct Answer is C
A. IgE: IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections. It is present in very low concentrations in plasma compared to other antibody classes.
B. IgM: IgM is the first antibody produced during a primary immune response. Although effective in agglutination and complement activation, it is less abundant in plasma than IgG.
C. IgG: IgG is the most abundant antibody in plasma, accounting for about 75–80% of circulating antibodies. It provides long-term immunity after infection or vaccination and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus.
D. IgA: IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk. Its plasma concentration is lower than IgG, making it less abundant in the bloodstream.
E. IgD: IgD is present in very low concentrations in plasma and primarily functions as a receptor on immature B cells rather than providing systemic immunity.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Interfere with viral replication within cells:Interferons are signaling proteins released by virus-infected cells. They induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication, providing an early defense mechanism against viral infections.
B. Are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus:Interferons are not virus-specific. They provide broad antiviral protection by inducing general antiviral states in cells, making them effective against multiple types of viruses.
C. Are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold:Interferons are not routinely used as nasal sprays for the common cold due to side effects and limited effectiveness in treating mild viral infections. Their use is primarily therapeutic in serious viral infections or certain cancers.
D. Act by increasing the rate of cell division:Interferons do not stimulate cell division. Instead, they modulate immune responses and activate antiviral defenses, including the production of proteins that inhibit viral replication.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inflammation:Inflammation is part of the second line of defense, an innate immune response that occurs after pathogens bypass physical barriers. It involves leukocyte recruitment and vascular changes to fight infection.
B. Mucous membranes:Mucous membranes form a physical and chemical barrier that traps pathogens and prevents their entry into the body. They are a key component of the first line of defense, along with skin and secretions like saliva and tears.
C. Natural killer cells:Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system’s second line of defense. They identify and destroy infected or abnormal cells but act after pathogens have entered the body.
D. Phagocytes:Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are part of the second line of defense. They engulf and destroy pathogens that have breached the first line of defense barriers.
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