Lymph leaves a lymph node via
the subcapsular sinus
the cortical sinus
afferent lymphatic vessels
efferent lymphatic vessels
The Correct Answer is D
A. The subcapsular sinus: The subcapsular sinus is the space just beneath the capsule of a lymph node where lymph first enters from the afferent vessels. It does not serve as an exit pathway.
B. The cortical sinus: The cortical sinuses are channels within the cortex that allow lymph to percolate through the lymph node, facilitating interaction with lymphocytes and macrophages. They are internal pathways, not exit points.
C. Afferent lymphatic vessels: Afferent lymphatic vessels bring lymph into the lymph node from peripheral tissues. They are entry vessels, not exit vessels.
D. Efferent lymphatic vessels: Efferent lymphatic vessels carry lymph out of the lymph node at the hilum after it has been filtered and exposed to immune cells. They are the correct exit pathway for lymph leaving the node.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inflammation:Inflammation is part of the second line of defense, an innate immune response that occurs after pathogens bypass physical barriers. It involves leukocyte recruitment and vascular changes to fight infection.
B. Mucous membranes:Mucous membranes form a physical and chemical barrier that traps pathogens and prevents their entry into the body. They are a key component of the first line of defense, along with skin and secretions like saliva and tears.
C. Natural killer cells:Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system’s second line of defense. They identify and destroy infected or abnormal cells but act after pathogens have entered the body.
D. Phagocytes:Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, are part of the second line of defense. They engulf and destroy pathogens that have breached the first line of defense barriers.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tunica intima:The tunica intima is the innermost layer composed mainly of endothelial cells that provide a smooth surface to reduce friction and regulate vessel tone chemically. While it plays roles in coagulation and permeability, it does not generate the force needed to maintain blood pressure. Its structure is not designed for active contraction or pressure regulation.
B. Tunica externa:The tunica externa is the outer connective tissue layer that protects the vessel and anchors it to surrounding structures. Although it provides structural support, it does not contain the smooth muscle necessary to adjust vessel diameter. Without this contractile ability, it cannot directly influence blood pressure.
C. Tunica media:The tunica media contains smooth muscle fibers and elastic tissue that allow vessels-especially arteries-to constrict or dilate. These changes in vessel diameter regulate peripheral resistance, which is a major determinant of blood pressure. Its contractile strength makes it the primary structural layer responsible for maintaining and adjusting blood pressure.
D. Subendothelial:The subendothelial layer is a thin connective tissue region beneath the endothelium. It provides minor structural support but lacks smooth muscle or elastic fibers needed for active regulation. Because it cannot constrict or dilate, it plays little to no role in controlling blood pressure.
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