Which instructions should a nurse include when teaching a newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes patient about meal planning? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Avoid all carbohydrates entirely
Eat consistent amounts of carbs at each meal
Include a balance of protein, fats, and carbs
Keep a food and blood glucose log
Read food labels
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
Rationale:
A. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy and significantly affect blood glucose levels. Eliminating them entirely is unsafe and can lead to ketosis, nutrient deficiencies, and hypoglycemia, especially in Type 1 diabetes where insulin dosing must match carbohydrate intake. Education focuses on carbohydrate counting, not restriction.
B. Maintaining consistent carbohydrate intake helps synchronize with insulin therapy, preventing wide fluctuations in blood glucose levels. This supports better glycemic control and reduces the risk of hypo- or hyperglycemia.
C. A well-balanced diet supports overall health, slows glucose absorption, and provides essential nutrients. Combining macronutrients can moderate postprandial glucose spikes and help maintain satiety.
D. Tracking meals, carbohydrate intake, and blood glucose allows the patient and healthcare team to adjust insulin doses accurately, identify patterns, and optimize diabetes management.
E. Understanding carbohydrate content, calories, and serving sizes is essential for accurate insulin dosing and portion control. Label reading empowers the patient to make informed dietary choices.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This combination is classic for DKA, which is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus caused by absolute insulin deficiency. Pathophysiology includes: Hyperglycemia: Without insulin, glucose cannot enter cells, leading to elevated serum glucose (>250 mg/dL), Ketosis: Cells utilize fat for energy, producing ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone), detectable in urine and blood., Metabolic acidosis: Accumulation of ketone bodies lowers blood pH (<7.3) and bicarbonate (<18 mEq/L).
The clinical manifestations, polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, warm dry skin, and acetone breath, correlate with this lab pattern. This makes fluid replacement, insulin administration, and electrolyte management the top priorities.
B. This indicates hypoglycemia with a normal to slightly alkalotic pH. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis, so low glucose rules out DKA. Hypoglycemia typically presents with tremors, diaphoresis, confusion, and possible seizures, which are different from DKA symptoms.
C. This represents normoglycemia and normal pH, indicating no metabolic derangement. DKA requires both elevated glucose and acidosis, so this finding is inconsistent with the diagnosis.
D. Although glucose is slightly elevated, the absence of ketones and likely normal pH means the client does not have DKA. Hyperglycemia alone does not constitute DKA; ketone production and acidosis are necessary components.
Correct Answer is ["21"]
Explanation
Step 1: Convert time to minutes
8 hr × 60 min/hr = 480 min
Step 2: Use the formula
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume × Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes
Flow rate = (1,000 × 10) ÷ 480
Flow rate = 10,000 ÷ 480 ≈ 20.83
Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number
Flow rate ≈ 21 gtt/min
Final Answer: 21 gtt/min
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