Which muscles are used for forced expiration?
Sternocleidomastoid and abdominal muscles
Sternocleidomastoid and intercostals
External intercostals and pectoralis muscles
Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals
The Correct Answer is D
A. Sternocleidomastoid and abdominal muscles: The sternocleidomastoid is an accessory muscle for forced inspiration, not expiration.
B. Sternocleidomastoid and intercostals: Again, the sternocleidomastoid helps lift the ribcage for inhalation.
C. External intercostals and pectoralis muscles: Both of these are used to expand the chest cavity during inspiration.
D. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals: Forced expiration is an active process where abdominal muscles push the diaphragm up and internal intercostals pull the ribs down to force air out.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. dialysis: This is the separation of smaller particles from larger ones through a membrane, usually driven by concentration, not just hydrostatic pressure.
B. osmosis: This is the movement of water driven by a concentration gradient of solutes, not hydrostatic pressure.
C. diffusion: This is the movement of particles from high to low concentration.
D. filtration: Filtration is the process where hydrostatic pressure (like blood pressure) forces water and small solutes through a membrane or capillary wall.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Buffering: Chemical buffers in the blood (like the bicarbonate system) provide the first line of defense against pH changes.
B. Respirations: The lungs help regulate pH by exhaling or retaining carbon dioxide (CO2), which is acidic.
C. Urine secretion: The kidneys maintain long-term balance by excreting hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
D. All of the above: The body requires the integrated action of chemical buffers, the respiratory system, and the urinary system to maintain a stable pH.
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