Which of the following actions is most effective in breaking the chain of infection at the portal of entry stage?

Using personal protective equipment (PPE).

Performing hand hygiene.

Sterilizing surgical instruments.

Administering prophylactic antibiotics.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Using personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection, is most effective in blocking pathogens from entering a susceptible host, directly targeting the portal of entry and preventing infection transmission.

B. Performing hand hygiene primarily targets the mode of transmission by removing pathogens from the hands, which is crucial but does not specifically block entry into the host.

C. Sterilizing surgical instruments targets the reservoir and mode of transmission by eliminating pathogens on equipment, but it does not address the host’s portal of entry directly.

D. Administering prophylactic antibiotics can help prevent infection, but it does not physically block the portal of entry; overuse can also contribute to antibiotic resistance.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Restorative care focuses on helping a client regain or maintain functional abilities, not on providing relief to the caregiver.

B. Pain management addresses a client’s physical comfort needs, but it is not the primary purpose of respite care.

C. Palliative care provides symptom relief and support for clients with serious illnesses, focusing on quality of life rather than short-term caregiver relief.

D. Respite care provides temporary, short-term care for a client so that the primary caregiver can rest, take a break, or attend to personal needs. This service helps prevent caregiver burnout, reduces stress, and supports ongoing family caregiving.

A. Administer oral PRN pain medication to a client who has arthritis. B. Obtain a daily weight on a client who has heart failure. C. Reinforce teaching the use of an incentive spirometer to a postoperative client. D. Irrigate and perform a dressing change for a client who has a pressure injury wound.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administering oral PRN pain medication is a licensed nursing task that requires assessment of the client’s pain, knowledge of contraindications, and monitoring for adverse effects; it cannot be delegated to APs.

B. Obtaining a daily weight is a routine, non-invasive task that does not require nursing judgment, making it appropriate to delegate to an assistive personnel (AP). Accurate daily weights are important for monitoring fluid status in clients with heart failure.

C. Reinforcing teaching on the use of an incentive spirometer involves nursing judgment and education, which cannot be delegated to APs.

D. Irrigating and performing a dressing change for a pressure injury requires nursing skill and assessment, so it is not appropriate to delegate to APs.

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Which of the following actions is most effective in breaking the chain of infection at the portal of entry stage?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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