Which of the following are appropriate questions to assess the "Precipitating cause or Provocation of a client's pain based on the PQRST mnemonic? (Select all that apply)
Does your pain radiate to other parts of the body?
How does the pain affect your daily activities?
What makes your pain worse or better?
How would you describe your pain (sharp, dull, or burning?
Is your pain associated with any other symptoms?
What were you doing when your pain started?
Correct Answer : C,F
Rationale:
A. This question assesses the Radiation component of PQRST. It helps determine if the pain spreads from its origin to other areas, which can assist in diagnosing the underlying cause (e.g., cardiac, neurological, or musculoskeletal). However, it does not provide information about what triggers or worsens the pain, so it does not assess precipitating factors.
B. This question addresses the impact of pain on function and quality of life. It helps the nurse understand how pain interferes with self-care, school, work, or social activities. While important for holistic care and planning interventions, it does not identify triggers, aggravating factors, or causes of pain.
C. This question directly assesses Provocation/Palliation, which identifies factors that trigger, exacerbate, or relieve pain. For example, certain movements, positions, environmental stimuli, or medications may worsen or improve pain. Knowing these details allows the nurse to recommend activity modifications, preventative strategies, and individualized interventions to manage pain effectively.
D. This evaluates the Quality of pain, providing information about its nature, such as whether it is neuropathic, musculoskeletal, or inflammatory. While this is essential for diagnostic purposes, it does not provide insight into what precipitates or alleviates the pain, which is the focus of Provocation.
E. This explores Related Symptoms, which may indicate the underlying condition causing the pain (e.g., nausea with migraine, numbness with neuropathy). It is valuable for diagnosis but does not assess triggers or provoking factors.
F. This question assesses Provocation by identifying the activity, event, or situation that initiated the pain. For example, the pain may occur after physical activity, certain movements, eating specific foods, or exposure to stress. Understanding this helps the nurse implement preventive strategies, adjust activity recommendations, and plan interventions to reduce future episodes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH stimulates osteoclast activity, which breaks down bone tissue and releases calcium into the bloodstream, leading to hypercalcemia. Other effects of elevated PTH include increased renal calcium reabsorption and enhanced activation of vitamin D, which further increases intestinal calcium absorption.
B. In hyperparathyroidism, PTH promotes conversion of vitamin D to its active form (calcitriol), which enhances intestinal absorption of calcium rather than decreasing it. Low intestinal calcium absorption is more associated with vitamin D deficiency, not primary hyperparathyroidism.
C.PTH actually increases renal calcium reabsorption in the distal tubules. Decreased reabsorption would result in calcium loss and hypocalcemia, which is opposite of what occurs in hyperparathyroidism.
D. PTH is elevated in hyperparathyroidism, not low. Increased calcium excretion (hypercalciuria) can occur secondary to extremely high serum calcium levels, but it is not due to low PTH.
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"B"}}
Explanation
Rationale:
Administering factor VIII concentrates is the primary treatment for hemophilia A, as it replaces the deficient clotting factor and helps control bleeding episodes. This intervention directly addresses the underlying coagulation disorder and prevents complications from prolonged bleeding.
Encouraging the child to avoid contact sports reduces the risk of trauma and bleeding episodes. Preventive strategies are essential in managing hemophilia to minimize injury and maintain safety.
Restricting the child from all play is not appropriate because it can negatively impact physical, emotional, and social development. Children with hemophilia should be encouraged to participate in safe, low-impact activities that promote normal growth and well-being.
Screening for potential child abuse is appropriate because frequent bruising and bleeding may mimic signs of abuse. A thorough assessment ensures accurate diagnosis and protects the child while distinguishing between a medical condition and possible external harm.
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