Which of the following are indications for performing a contraction stress test in pregnancy?
Intrauterine growth restriction.
A normal biophysical profile.
Placental abruption.
Decreased fetal movements.
Greater than 42 weeks gestation.
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A rationale
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an indication for a contraction stress test. It assesses fetal response to uterine contractions, identifying potential placental insufficiency.
Choice B rationale
A normal biophysical profile indicates no need for a contraction stress test. It assesses fetal well-being, and normal results suggest no immediate concerns.
Choice C rationale
Placental abruption is a contraindication for a contraction stress test. Inducing contractions can exacerbate placental separation, risking maternal and fetal health.
Choice D rationale
Decreased fetal movements warrant a contraction stress test. It evaluates fetal response to contractions, detecting possible hypoxia or compromised fetal condition.
Choice E rationale
Post-term pregnancy (>42 weeks) is an indication for a contraction stress test. It assesses placental function and fetal well-being as prolonged gestation increases risks.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Leopold's maneuvers help determine the fetus's presentation (head, breech) and position (left, right) within the uterus for optimal birth planning.
Choice B rationale
Cervical dilation is assessed through a vaginal exam, not through Leopold's maneuvers, which focus on external palpation.
Choice C rationale
Frequency and intensity of contractions are monitored using a tocodynamometer, not determined by Leopold's maneuvers.
Choice D rationale
Membrane rupture is assessed by inspecting fluid leakage or testing fluid, not by Leopold's maneuvers, which assess fetal positioning.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Leopold’s maneuvers assess fetal presentation and position, aiding in determining optimal delivery mode. Accurate fetal positioning decreases labor complications and supports safe vaginal delivery. This non-invasive assessment is crucial for obstetric care.
Choice B rationale
Cervical dilation is best assessed through vaginal examination rather than Leopold’s maneuvers. Direct visualization and palpation provide a more precise measurement of dilation progress. Leopold’s maneuvers primarily focus on fetal position and presentation.
Choice C rationale
The frequency and intensity of contractions are monitored through external or internal fetal monitoring devices rather than Leopold’s maneuvers. These tools provide quantitative data on uterine activity, which is crucial for labor management.
Choice D rationale
Assessing whether membranes have ruptured involves a physical examination or diagnostic tests like nitrazine or fern tests, not Leopold’s maneuvers. These methods confirm membrane status, crucial for evaluating labor progression and infection risk.
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