Which of the following changes in the respiratory system of the aging population is the main reason why they are at greater risk for respiratory infections?
Decreased efficiency of the respiratory muscles
Loss of elasticity of the lung tissue
The phagocytes in the lungs become less effective
Number of alveoli decreases
The Correct Answer is C
A. Decreased efficiency of the respiratory muscles: Affects ventilation but not directly related to infection susceptibility.
B. Loss of elasticity of the lung tissue: Affects gas exchange but doesn't impair immune defense.
C. The phagocytes in the lungs become less effective: Correct; weakened immune response increases infection risk.
D. Number of alveoli decreases: Affects surface area for gas exchange, not immune function.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bronchi: The bronchi are the main airways that branch off from the trachea and enter each lung. Structure #8 is shown as the large branches that split into the lungs, consistent with the location and appearance of the bronchi.
B. Trachea: The trachea is the main airway above the bronchi, running down the neck before it splits into the left and right bronchi. It is likely labeled as #7 in the diagram.
C. Alveoli: Alveoli are microscopic air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. They are not visibly distinct in this diagram and are located much further down the airway branches than where #8 is labeled.
D. Bronchioles: Bronchioles are the smaller branches that come off the bronchi and lead to the alveoli. They would be located deeper into the lung structure and are smaller than the bronchi seen at label #8.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Increase in need for O₂: Muscles need more oxygen during exercise, so respiratory rate increases.
B. Decrease in need for O₂: This is incorrect; oxygen needs increase during exercise.
C. Increase in CO₂ levels: Exercise produces more CO₂, which stimulates breathing.
D. Increase in RBC production: This occurs over time in response to chronic hypoxia, not acutely during exercise.
E. Decrease in CO₂ levels: CO₂ levels rise during exercise, prompting faster breathing, not decrease.
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