Which of the following changes in the respiratory system of the aging population is the main reason why they are at greater risk for respiratory infections?
Decreased efficiency of the respiratory muscles
Loss of elasticity of the lung tissue
The phagocytes in the lungs become less effective
Number of alveoli decreases
The Correct Answer is C
A. Decreased efficiency of the respiratory muscles: Affects ventilation but not directly related to infection susceptibility.
B. Loss of elasticity of the lung tissue: Affects gas exchange but doesn't impair immune defense.
C. The phagocytes in the lungs become less effective: Correct; weakened immune response increases infection risk.
D. Number of alveoli decreases: Affects surface area for gas exchange, not immune function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation, creating negative pressure to draw air into the lungs.
B. Pectoris minor: The pectoralis minor assists with deep or labored breathing but is not the primary muscle of inhalation.
C. Pectoris major: This chest muscle plays a role in arm movement and may assist minimally in labored breathing.
D. Intercostals: The intercostal muscles assist with breathing but are secondary to the diaphragm.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. CO₂: High CO₂ (hypercapnia) stimulates the respiratory center to increase breathing.
B. Volume: Blood volume doesn't directly affect respiratory rate.
C. Bilirubin: This is associated with liver function and jaundice, not respiration.
D. Calcium: Calcium levels affect muscle function, not the breathing rate directly.
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