Which of the following conditions can place a client at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Septic shock
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Heart failure
The Correct Answer is A
A. Septic shock is a major risk factor for ARDS because it triggers a systemic inflammatory response, causing increased capillary permeability, pulmonary edema, and alveolar injury. The resulting hypoxemia and lung inflammation can rapidly progress to ARDS.
B. COPD is a chronic lung disease characterized by airflow limitation, but it does not directly trigger the acute inflammatory lung injury seen in ARDS. Patients with COPD may have baseline hypoxemia, which can complicate ARDS, but it is not a primary risk factor.
C. Asthma is an obstructive airway disease with reversible bronchoconstriction. While severe asthma attacks can cause hypoxemia, asthma itself does not directly cause the alveolar-capillary damage characteristic of ARDS.
D. Heart failure can lead to cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is not classified as ARDS, since ARDS is a non-cardiogenic form of pulmonary edema caused by inflammation and increased vascular permeability rather than hydrostatic pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The client’s swollen, red, painful foot, hypotension (90/60), and vomitingare classic signs of a venomous snakebite, which can cause systemic toxicity, hypotension, coagulopathy, and tissue necrosis. Snakebite is a life-threatening emergencythat requires immediate assessment, stabilization, and possible administration of antivenom, making it the priority condition.
B. Heat exhaustionpresents with weakness, nausea, headache, and mild hypotension, but the localized swelling and redness in the leg are not consistent with heat exhaustion.
C. Altitude sicknesstypically develops at higher elevations and manifests as headache, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue, not a localized extremity injury with hypotension.
D. Brown recluse spider bitescan cause localized pain, redness, and necrosis, but systemic symptoms such as hypotension and vomitingare less common, making snakebite the higher-priority assessment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mild throat discomfort, soreness, or hoarseness is common after bronchoscopydue to local anesthesia and scope manipulation. These symptoms are usually self-limiting and do not require immediate intervention.
B. Small amounts of blood-tinged sputum are expected after bronchoscopybecause of minor trauma to the airway during the procedure. This finding should be monitored, but it is not an emergency.
C. Moderate sedation can temporarily suppress the gag reflex. Nurses should withhold oral intake until the gag reflex returns, but this is anticipated and expected shortly after the procedure. It does not require immediate intervention unless the reflex remains absent for an extended period.
D. The presence of subcutaneous emphysemaindicates that air is leaking into subcutaneous tissues, which may result from a bronchial or tracheal perforation. This is a serious complication of bronchoscopyand may signal pneumothorax or mediastinal injury, requiring immediate nursing intervention, monitoring, and urgent physician notification.
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