Which of the following hormones acts on the kidneys to reabsorb or conserve water?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Aldosterone
Renin
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Erythropoietin (EPO): Stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow; it does not directly act on the kidneys to conserve water.
B. Aldosterone: Promotes sodium reabsorption (and potassium excretion) in the distal nephron; water retention can follow sodium reabsorption, but its primary target is sodium balance.
C. Renin: An enzyme released by the kidney that initiates the RAAS cascade; it indirectly influences water balance through downstream hormones but is not the hormone that directly increases water reabsorption.
D. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): Acts on the renal collecting ducts to insert aquaporin channels, increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Testes: A primary sexual characteristic because testes are primary reproductive organs directly involved in gamete (sperm) production and hormone secretion.
B. Breast enlargement: A secondary sexual characteristic that develops during puberty under hormonal influence.
C. Pubic hair: A secondary sexual characteristic appearing at puberty due to androgen effects.
D. Menstruation: A reproductive function that begins at puberty (related to primary reproductive organs) and is typically classified with secondary sexual changes rather than an anatomic primary sexual characteristic.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lipase: Pancreatic and gastric lipases hydrolyze triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides, enabling fat digestion.
B. Trypsin: A pancreatic protease that breaks peptide bonds in proteins, not fats.
C. Pepsin: A stomach enzyme that begins protein digestion by cleaving peptide bonds, not responsible for fat breakdown.
D. Amylase: An enzyme (salivary and pancreatic) that digests starches (carbohydrates), not lipids.
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