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Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating the body's stress response?

A.

Aldosterone

B.

Insulin

C.

Cortisol

D.

Thyroxine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Aldosterone: Aldosterone primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance and blood pressure, not the classic metabolic stress response.
B. Insulin: Insulin regulates blood glucose uptake and metabolism; it is not the primary hormone mediating the stress response.
C. Cortisol: Cortisol, produced via the HPA axis, mobilizes energy, modulates immune responses, and is the principal glucocorticoid involved in the stress response.
D. Thyroxine: Thyroxine (T4) controls basal metabolic rate and growth but is not the primary hormone of the acute stress response.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Negative feedback from insulin inhibits GH release from the anterior pituitary.:Insulin does not play a primary role in negative feedback on growth hormone release; GH regulation involves GHRH, somatostatin, and IGF-1 feedback.
B. Positive feedback from cortisol increases CRH release from the hypothalamus.:Cortisol typically exerts negative feedback on CRH (and ACTH) release, reducing hypothalamic CRH secretion rather than increasing it.
C. Positive feedback from aldosterone increases ACTH release from the anterior pituitary.:Aldosterone secretion is primarily regulated by the renin–angiotensin system and potassium levels, and aldosterone does not typically provide positive feedback to increase ACTH.
D. Negative feedback from thyroid hormones inhibits TRH release from the hypothalamus.:Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) exert negative feedback on both the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, decreasing TRH and TSH secretion respectively.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The nervous system has no influence on pituitary gland secretions.: The hypothalamus, which is part of the nervous system, directly regulates pituitary secretions, so the nervous system does exert control over the pituitary.
B. The nervous system controls pituitary secretions through adrenal gland signals.: The adrenal glands are downstream endocrine organs influenced by pituitary hormones, not the primary route by which the nervous system controls the pituitary.
C. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland through releasing and inhibiting hormones.: The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel (via the portal blood vessels to the anterior pituitary) or via neural axons to the posterior pituitary to regulate pituitary hormone release.
D. The pituitary gland secretes hormones independently of the nervous system.: The pituitary receives regulatory input from the hypothalamus (a neural structure), so pituitary secretion is under significant neuroendocrine control rather than being fully independent.

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