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Which of the following is a characteristic sign of ulcerative colitis?

A.

increased risk of colon cancer

B.

malabsorption in small intestine

C.

development of fistulas

D.

skip lesions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Increased risk of colon cancer: Chronic inflammation of the colon in ulcerative colitis predisposes clients to dysplasia and an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. The risk increases with disease duration and extent, making regular surveillance essential.

B. Malabsorption in small intestine: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum. Malabsorption is more characteristic of Crohn’s disease, which can involve the small intestine and impair nutrient absorption.

C. Development of fistulas: Fistula formation is common in Crohn’s disease due to transmural inflammation, whereas ulcerative colitis involves only the mucosa and submucosa, making fistulas rare.

D. Skip lesions: Skip lesions, or patchy areas of inflammation separated by normal tissue, are typical of Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with continuous inflammation starting from the rectum, not skip lesions.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Tuberculosis (TB) infection can remain latent, meaning the bacteria are present in the body but inactive. In this dormant state, the individual does not show symptoms and is not contagious, yet the bacteria can reactivate if immunity declines. Latent TB infection is controlled by the immune system, which walls off the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in granulomas. This containment can persist for decades, preventing progression to active disease.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Increased androgen levels: Androgens have a protective effect on bone density by contributing to bone formation and maintenance. Elevated androgen levels would not promote bone loss and are not associated with osteoporosis-related fractures.

B. Decreased estrogen levels: Estrogen plays a critical role in inhibiting bone resorption and maintaining bone density. After menopause, reduced estrogen levels lead to increased osteoclast activity and accelerated bone loss. This hormonal change is a major contributing factor to osteoporosis and fracture risk.

C. Strenuous exercise: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises generally help strengthen bones and improve bone mineral density. While excessive or improper exercise may cause injury, it does not cause osteoporosis. Physical activity is usually protective rather than harmful to bone health.

D. Excessive dietary calcium: High calcium intake alone does not lead to osteoporosis and is often recommended to support bone health. Calcium supports bone mineralization when balanced with vitamin D and hormonal regulation. It would not contribute to bone fragility or fractures.

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