Which of the following is an example of effective communication by a nurse leader?

A. Inserting an indwelling catheter using aseptic technique:This is a technical skill-focused intervention, reflecting procedural competence rather than the holistic, patient-centered approach emphasized in the nursing model of care.

B. Consoling a fearful mother whose child is in surgery:This demonstrates the nursing model of care by addressing the emotional and psychosocial needs of the patient and family. Nursing care goes beyond physical tasks to include support, empathy, and holistic attention.

C. Changing a sterile dressing skillfully:While this shows technical proficiency and adherence to safety standards, it primarily reflects task-oriented care rather than the broader holistic perspective central to the nursing model of care.

D. Administering medications:Administering medications is an essential clinical duty but focuses on physical interventions. The nursing model emphasizes holistic care, integrating physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs.

A. Hiring, firing, training, scheduling, budgeting:These are specific tasks or responsibilities within management but do not encompass the broader functions that define management as a whole.

B. Leading, following, planning, doing:While leadership and planning are elements of management, “following” and “doing” are not recognized as core management functions in formal management theory.

C. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling:These are the five classic functions of management, providing a framework for achieving organizational goals efficiently. They guide decision-making, resource allocation, supervision, and performance evaluation.

D. Assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, documentation:These steps describe the nursing process rather than the functions of management, focusing on patient care rather than organizational management.