Which of the following is directly related to respiratory production of carbon dioxide?
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of pH
Regulation of body temperature
The synthesis of vasodilators
Aids in defecation
The Correct Answer is B
A. Regulation of blood pressure: Carbon dioxide levels influence vascular tone indirectly, but blood pressure is primarily regulated by cardiac output, blood volume, and peripheral resistance. CO₂ production does not have a direct regulatory role in maintaining systemic arterial pressure.
B. Regulation of pH: Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. This relationship directly links CO₂ production to acid–base balance, making CO₂ a key determinant of blood pH through respiratory compensation.
C. Regulation of body temperature: Temperature regulation involves metabolic heat production, sweating, and vasomotor changes. While CO₂ is a byproduct of metabolism, its production does not directly regulate body temperature.
D. The synthesis of vasodilators: Vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins are synthesized by endothelial and other cells. Their production is not directly dependent on the respiratory generation of CO₂, although CO₂ may influence vascular tone secondarily.
E. Aids in defecation: Defecation is controlled by the enteric nervous system, abdominal pressure, and sphincter relaxation. CO₂ production has no functional role in initiating or supporting this process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Segmental bronchi:Each lung contains multiple segmental (tertiary) bronchi-10 in the right lung and 8–10 in the left lung. They serve individual bronchopulmonary segments, so their total exceeds five.
B. Choanae:The choanae are the paired posterior nasal apertures connecting the nasal cavity to the pharynx. There are only two, not five, and they are unrelated to the lungs.
C. Laryngeal cartilages:The larynx has several cartilages (e.g., thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid), but they number more than five and are part of the upper airway, not the lungs.
D. Lobes:The lungs are divided into five lobes total: three in the right lung (superior, middle, inferior) and two in the left lung (superior, inferior). Lobes are anatomical subdivisions important for lung function and clinical localization.
E. Tracheal cartilages:The trachea contains 16–20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings, which are far more than five. These rings support the trachea but do not describe lung anatomy.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Weeks:Memory T cells persist far longer than a few weeks. While effector T cells die off quickly after an immune response, memory T cells are designed for long-term immunity rather than short-term survival.
B. Days:A lifespan of only days reflects the behavior of effector T cells during an acute response. Memory T cells, however, undergo homeostatic proliferation and survive well beyond this timeframe.
C. Months:Although memory T cells can certainly survive for months, this does not represent their full potential lifespan. They are known to persist long after the initial antigen exposure.
D. Years:Many memory T cells do survive for years, providing extended protection. However, in humans, the lifespan of memory T cells can surpass even this range, especially after certain viral infections.
E. Decades:Memory T cells can remain functional for decades, offering long-term immunity. Memory T cells from childhood infections can persist into old age, highlighting their exceptional longevity
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