Which of the following is most important for the nurse to include with calcium channel blockers?
Always check your apical heart rate before taking this medication
Calcium channel blockers may cause increased blood pressure, so immediately report blurred vision
These medications are best taken at night to reduce cholesterol
Do not drink grapefruit juice while on this medication
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because checking the apical heart rate before taking calcium channel blockers is not necessary for most patients. Calcium channel blockers are a group of medications that relax and widen blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and slow the heart rate. They are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. The nurse should check the apical heart rate only if the patient has a history of bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block (a problem with the electrical conduction of the heart).
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not cause increased blood pressure, but rather lower it. Blurred vision is not a common side effect of calcium channel blockers, and it may indicate other problems, such as eye infection, glaucoma, or stroke. The nurse should instruct the patient to report any changes in vision, but not to associate them with calcium channel blockers.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not affect cholesterol levels, and the time of day they are taken does not matter. Cholesterol is a type of fat that circulates in the blood and can build up in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries). Cholesterol levels are influenced by diet, exercise, genetics, and other medications, such as statins. The nurse should advise the patient to follow a healthy lifestyle and take any prescribed medications for cholesterol control.
Choice D reason: This choice is correct because grapefruit juice can interact with some calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem, and increase their blood levels and effects. This can cause serious side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, headache, flushing, and edema (swelling). The nurse should warn the patient to avoid grapefruit juice and any products that contain grapefruit while taking calcium channel blockers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["48"]
Explanation
To calculate the amount of gentamicin the nurse should administer in milliliters (mL) for a client who weighs 210 lb, we can use the following steps:
Given:
Client's weight: 210 lb
Gentamicin dose: 5 mg/kg
Available concentration: 10 mg/mL
Step 1: Convert the client's weight from pounds (lb) to kilograms (kg)
Client's weight in kg = Client's weight in lb / 2.2
Client's weight in kg = 210 lb / 2.2
Client's weight in kg ≈ 95.45 kg
Step 2: Calculate the total dose of gentamicin required
Total dose = Client's weight in kg × Gentamicin dose
Total dose = 95.45 kg × 5 mg/kg
Total dose = 477.25 mg
Step 3: Calculate the volume of gentamicin to be administered in mL
Volume = Total dose / Concentration
Volume = 477.25 mg / 10 mg/mL
Volume ≈ 47.725 mL
Rounding to the nearest whole number:
Volume ≈ 48 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer approximately 48 mL of gentamicin via intermittent IV bolus to the client who weighs 210 lb.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension because the risk of high blood pressure increases as we get older. This is due to changes in the heart and blood vessels, such as loss of elasticity and stiffening of the arteries, that affect the blood flow and pressure. ¹
Choice B reason: Genetics is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension because some people inherit genes that make them more likely to develop high blood pressure. For example, people of African and Black Caribbean descent have a higher risk of hypertension due to genetic variations that affect salt sensitivity and blood vessel function. ²
Choice C reason: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or avoided by quitting tobacco use. Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that narrows them and raises blood pressure. Smoking also lowers the level of good cholesterol (HDL) and raises the level of bad cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides, which are fats in the blood that contribute to plaque formation. ³
Choice D reason: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or prevented by losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk of high blood pressure by putting extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, as well as by causing hormonal and metabolic changes that affect blood pressure regulation. Obesity is also associated with other conditions that can raise blood pressure, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, and kidney disease. ⁴
Choice E reason: Sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or improved by increasing physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of high blood pressure by reducing the ability of the blood vessels to dilate and contract, as well as by increasing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Physical activity helps to lower blood pressure by improving blood flow, strengthening the heart muscle, and lowering body weight and stress levels. .
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today