Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

Increased AST levels

Decreased albumin levels

High prothrombin time

Elevated serum bilirubin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A. Elevated AST indicates hepatocellular injury, but it does not directly reflect fluid volume status.

B. In liver cirrhosis, the liver produces less albumin, leading to reduced plasma oncotic pressure. Low albumin allows fluid to leak into interstitial spaces, causing ascites, edema, and overall fluid volume excess.

C. Prolonged PT reflects impaired clotting factor synthesis in cirrhosis, not fluid status.

D. High bilirubin indicates impaired bile excretion and liver dysfunction, but it is not a direct marker of fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces pressure on the abdomen and can help prevent worsening of a hiatal hernia.

B. Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent reflux of gastric contents during sleep.

C. Reducing fluids is not recommended; adequate hydration is important.

D. Remaining upright (not lying down) after meals is recommended; lying down for half an hour increases reflux risk.

E. Limiting caffeine, spicy foods, and other reflux-triggering foods helps reduce symptoms associated with hiatal hernia.

A. Family history B. Smoking history C. Alcohol use D. Adalimumab use E. NSAID use F. Positive for Helicobacter pylori

Correct Answer is ["B","E","F"]

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Family history increases risk for heart disease and arthritis but is not a direct risk factor for peptic ulcer disease.
B. Smoking increases gastric acid secretion, reduces mucosal healing, and significantly raises PUD risk.
C. Alcohol use is denied by the client and therefore is not a contributing factor in this case.
D. Adalimumab use (an immunosuppressant for rheumatoid arthritis/psoriasis) does not directly increase PUD risk.
E. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing the gastric mucosal barrier and predisposing to ulcer formation.
F. H. pylori infection is a primary cause of peptic ulcers due to its damaging effect on gastric mucosa.

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Which of the following laboratory findings is most indicative of fluid volume excess in a client with liver cirrhosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has a hiatal hernia about dietary recommendations. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Exhibits Select the 3 findings from the client's medical record that increase their risk for peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

Correct Answer is ["B","E","F"]

Explanation

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