Which of the following medications (local anesthetics) are Ester-linked (Select All that Apply.)

A. Vancomycin is structurally unrelated to penicillin, but cross-reactivity in severe beta-lactam allergies is rare but possible. More importantly, vancomycin carries a risk of infusion reactions, including “red man syndrome” or anaphylaxis. This patient represents the highest immediate riskfor a potentially life-threatening reaction and should be assessed first. Early recognition and intervention (stopping the infusion, administering antihistamines or epinephrine if needed) are critical.

B. A pulse of 58 bpm is borderline bradycardia, which warrants caution before digoxin administration, but this is less immediately life-threateningthan a potential severe allergic reaction. The nurse should withhold digoxin if below the provider’s prescribed threshold, but the patient is stable at the moment.

C. Although this patient is at risk for hypoglycemiadue to NPO status after receiving insulin, a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL is within normal range, and the hypoglycemia risk develops gradually. This patient should be monitored closely, but they are not the highest priority at this exact moment.

D. This patient has mild hypertension. While headaches may indicate elevated blood pressure, this is not an immediate life-threatening conditioncompared with a potential anaphylactic reaction to vancomycin.

A. Administering insulin twice daily (morning and afternoon) is typical for intermediate-acting insulins(e.g., NPH), not for insulin glargine. Glargine is designed for once-daily dosingdue to its long, steady action.

B. Giving insulin 15–30 minutes before meals is appropriate for short-acting insulin(e.g., regular insulin), which is intended to control postprandial glucose spikes. Insulin glargine is not meal-relatedand should not be timed with meals.

C. Administering insulin after meals and at bedtime is more consistent with rapid-acting insulin regimensor correctional insulin. Insulin glargine is basal insulin, not used for immediate glucose control after eating.

D. Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulinwith no pronounced peakand a duration of about 24 hours. It is typically administered once daily at the same time each day, commonly at bedtime, to provide consistent background insulin coverage.