Which of the following regions of the brain regulates homeostasis for the body?
Pons
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Hypothalamus
The Correct Answer is D
A. Pons: Part of the brainstem involved in respiration control, sleep, and relaying signals between brain regions; it helps autonomic functions but is not the primary homeostasis regulator.
B. Cerebellum: Responsible for coordination, balance, and motor learning rather than systemic homeostatic control.
C. Frontal lobe: Involved in higher cognitive functions, decision-making, and motor planning, not the main center for physiological homeostasis.
D. Hypothalamus: Integrates the autonomic nervous system and endocrine signals to regulate temperature, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, and other homeostatic processes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Somatic: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements and does not produce decreases in heart rate or blood pressure.
B. Afferent: Afferent pathways carry sensory information to the CNS; they are not a motor division that directly lowers heart rate and blood pressure.
C. Sympathetic: Sympathetic activation raises heart rate and blood pressure as part of the fight-or-flight response.
D. Parasympathetic: Parasympathetic (vagal) activation slows SA node firing and reduces heart rate, and can lower blood pressure indirectly by decreasing cardiac output.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and increasing renal calcium reabsorption.
B. Insulin: Regulates blood glucose and has metabolic effects, but it does not lower blood calcium.
C. T3/T4: Thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism broadly, not the primary hormones for lowering blood calcium.
D. Calcitonin: Secreted by the thyroid (C cells) and lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bone.
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