Which of the following statements about childhood-onset schizophrenia is correct?
Disorganized speech patterns in early childhood are usually indicative of schizophrenia.
Childhood-onset schizophrenia tends to have better outcomes than adult-onset schizophrenia due to early intervention.
Childhood-onset schizophrenia tends to resemble adult-onset schizophrenia, with gradual onset and prominent negative symptoms.
In a child presenting with disorganized behavior, schizophrenia should be ruled out before other childhood diagnoses are considered.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Disorganized speech in early childhood is not specific to schizophrenia and may be seen in developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder or language delay. It is not a reliable early indicator of schizophrenia.
Choice B reason: Childhood-onset schizophrenia is associated with poorer outcomes compared to adult-onset due to earlier disruption of cognitive and social development. Early intervention may help but does not necessarily lead to better prognosis.
Choice C reason: Childhood-onset schizophrenia shares many features with adult-onset, including a gradual onset and the presence of negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, flat affect, and cognitive deficits. These symptoms often precede psychotic features and are more prominent in early-onset cases.
Choice D reason: Schizophrenia is rare in children, and other diagnoses such as mood disorders, autism spectrum disorder, or trauma-related conditions should be considered first. It should not be the initial diagnosis without thorough evaluation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Discontinuing risperidone immediately may not be necessary unless symptoms are severe or unmanageable. Clonazepam can help with akathisia, but abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotics may destabilize the patient’s psychiatric condition.
Choice B reason: Sertraline is an SSRI used for depression and anxiety, not for treating akathisia. Introducing it at this point would not address the patient’s restlessness and may complicate the clinical picture.
Choice C reason: Propranolol is effective for akathisia, but discontinuing risperidone prematurely may not be warranted. A better initial approach is to manage the side effect while continuing the antipsychotic, unless symptoms are intolerable.
Choice D reason: Akathisia is a common side effect of risperidone, especially early in treatment. Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, can help reduce restlessness and agitation. Continuing risperidone while managing the side effect is appropriate unless symptoms worsen or persist. This approach balances symptom control with psychiatric stability.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Extreme blood loss is characteristic of hypovolemic shock, not septic shock. Hypovolemic shock results from a significant reduction in circulating blood volume due to hemorrhage or fluid loss, but it does not involve the immune-mediated cascade seen in sepsis.
Choice B reason: Septic shock is caused by an overwhelming infection that triggers a dysregulated host response, leading to widespread inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vasodilation, and impaired tissue perfusion. This cascade is driven by microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) binding to toll-like receptors, which activate cytokines like TNF and IL-1, resulting in systemic effects including hypotension and multi-organ dysfunction.
Choice C reason: Acute allergic reactions can lead to anaphylactic shock, which is mediated by IgE and histamine release, not by infectious agents. While both involve vasodilation and hypotension, the underlying mechanisms are distinct.
Choice D reason: Injury to the myocardium is a hallmark of cardiogenic shock, which results from impaired cardiac output due to myocardial infarction or arrhythmias. It does not explain the immune and vascular phenomena seen in septic shock.
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