Which of the following would be considered an adverse effect?
unintended and undesired effects of the drug
mild stomach upset
expected changes that occur to the drug inside the body
desired effect of the drug
The Correct Answer is A
A. Unintended and undesired effects of the drug.: An adverse effect refers to any harmful, unintended, and undesired reaction to a medication that occurs at normal doses used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment.
B. Mild stomach upset.: A mild stomach upset may be considered a side effect rather than an adverse effect if it is expected and does not pose a health risk. Side effects are generally predictable, dose-related, and less severe compared to true adverse reactions.
C. Expected changes that occur to the drug inside the body.: This describes pharmacokinetics, the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. It is not related to drug effects on the body but rather how the body handles the medication.
D. Desired effect of the drug.: The desired effect is the therapeutic outcome or intended action of the medication, such as pain relief or infection control. It represents the beneficial, goal-oriented response, not an adverse or unintended reaction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. When the nurse determines the medication is needed.: This describes a PRN (as needed) order, not a STAT order. PRN medications are administered based on patient symptoms and nursing judgment, not immediate urgency.
B. Once and repeating at a specified time.: This refers to a single or one-time order that can be repeated later at a defined interval if prescribed, but it does not carry the urgency of a STAT order.
C. Immediately and only once.: A STAT order requires the medication to be administered right away, usually in response to an urgent or emergency situation. Lorazepam 1 mg IV STAT should be given promptly and only once unless new orders are provided.
D. On an indefinite basis.: This describes a standing or routine order that continues until discontinued by the provider. STAT orders are not ongoing; they are meant for immediate, one-time administration.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Anticoagulants.: Anticoagulants such as heparin and warfarin are high-alert medications because dosing or administration errors can lead to life-threatening bleeding or thromboembolic events. They require close monitoring of coagulation parameters.
B. Chemotherapeutic agents.: Chemotherapy drugs are classified as high-alert due to their narrow therapeutic index and potential for severe toxicity. Even small dosing or timing errors can cause significant harm, including bone marrow suppression and organ damage.
C. Opioids.: Opioids are high-alert medications because of their potential to cause respiratory depression, sedation, and overdose when administered incorrectly. Careful dosage calculation and monitoring are essential, particularly in opioid-naïve clients.
D. Antihistamines.: Antihistamines are generally considered low-risk medications and are not classified as high-alert. While they may cause drowsiness or mild anticholinergic effects, these are rarely life-threatening, making them comparatively safer.
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