Which of these is true about heart failure?

A. An adolescent who is depressed over not being accepted by peers: Role playing allows adolescents to practice social interactions, develop communication skills, and explore coping strategies in a safe environment. It can help the client gain confidence, improve problem-solving abilities, and prepare for real-life peer situations.

B. Hyperactive 4-year-old who has recently been tested for autism: While play therapy is useful for young children and those with autism spectrum disorder, structured role playing may be too abstract for a 4-year-old. Developmental level and attention span may limit the effectiveness of role playing in this age group.

C. An adult with schizophrenia who often refuses to take prescribed antipsychotic medications: Role playing is generally less effective for clients with active psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations. Medication adherence issues in schizophrenia are better addressed through psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, and structured support.

D. An older adult resident of a long-term care facility who sometimes takes other residents' belongings: While role playing could be used to teach social norms, behavioral interventions such as redirection, supervision, and environmental modifications are more practical and immediately effective for managing problematic behaviors in older adults with cognitive decline.

A. It directly causes the initial calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum: Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is triggered by depolarization of the T-tubules and activation of ryanodine receptors, not directly by ATP. ATP provides energy for the mechanical steps of contraction but does not initiate calcium release.

B. It expands the H band by pushing thick filaments apart: The H band changes length passively as thin filaments slide over thick filaments during contraction. ATP does not mechanically push filaments apart; instead, it energizes myosin heads for cross-bridge cycling.

C. It prevents the troponin-tropomyosin complex from exposing binding sites: The troponin-tropomyosin complex blocks actin binding sites in the absence of calcium. ATP does not regulate this exposure; calcium binding to troponin shifts tropomyosin to allow myosin attachment.

D. It binds to myosin heads, allowing them to detach from actin: ATP binds to the myosin head after the power stroke, causing detachment from actin and breaking the actomyosin cross-bridge. ATP hydrolysis then re-cocks the myosin head, storing energy for the next contraction cycle. This is essential for continuous muscle contraction and relaxation in both skeletal and cardiac muscle.