Which part of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for increasing blood pressure in response to stress?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. Parasympathetic nervous system:
The parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate and promotes relaxation (rest-and-digest response). It decreases cardiac output and does not increase blood pressure during stress.
B. Somatic nervous system:
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements, not autonomic regulation of blood pressure.
C. Central nervous system:
While the CNS (brain and spinal cord) integrates signals, it is not the primary effector. Blood pressure changes are mediated by the autonomic branches.
D. Sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, contractility, and vasoconstriction. These actions increase cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, raising blood pressure during stress.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Posterior wall of the left ventricle:
The posterior wall of the left ventricle is usually supplied by the circumflex artery or posterior descending artery, depending on coronary dominance.
B. Right atrium and portions of the right ventricle:
The RCA primarily supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, SA node, and AV node, supporting right-sided contraction and conduction. Occlusion can lead to arrhythmias and right heart dysfunction.
C. Left ventricle and left atrium:
These structures are mainly supplied by the left coronary artery (LAD and circumflex branches).
D. Interventricular septum and apex of the heart:
The LAD supplies the anterior interventricular septum and apex, not the RCA.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To facilitate blood flow from ventricles to the lungs:
Blood flow to the lungs occurs via the pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery, not the AV valves.
B. To prevent blood from flowing into the coronary arteries:
Coronary arteries receive blood from the aortic sinuses, independent of AV valves. AV valves do not regulate coronary perfusion.
C. To regulate blood flow between the two ventricles:
Blood does not flow directly between ventricles. AV valves regulate flow from atria to ventricles, not between ventricles.
D. To prevent backflow of blood into the atria:
The mitral and tricuspid valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction (systole), ensuring unidirectional blood flow and efficient cardiac output.
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