Which part of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for increasing blood pressure in response to stress?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. Parasympathetic nervous system:
The parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate and promotes relaxation (rest-and-digest response). It decreases cardiac output and does not increase blood pressure during stress.
B. Somatic nervous system:
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements, not autonomic regulation of blood pressure.
C. Central nervous system:
While the CNS (brain and spinal cord) integrates signals, it is not the primary effector. Blood pressure changes are mediated by the autonomic branches.
D. Sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, contractility, and vasoconstriction. These actions increase cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, raising blood pressure during stress.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Decreased preload increases cardiac output:
Decreased preload reduces ventricular filling, leading to lower stroke volume and reduced cardiac output.
B. Increased preload decreases cardiac output:
Increased preload generally increases stroke volume via the Frank-Starling mechanism, so it does not decrease cardiac output under normal physiological conditions.
C. Increased preload increases cardiac output:
According to the Frank-Starling law, greater ventricular filling (preload) stretches cardiac fibers, resulting in a stronger contraction and higher stroke volume, thus increasing cardiac output.
D. Preload has no effect on cardiac output:
Preload directly affects ventricular filling and stroke volume, which are critical determinants of cardiac output.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation:
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left ventricle is responsible for systemic circulation.
B. To receive deoxygenated blood from the body:
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic veins.
C. To regulate heart rhythm:
Heart rhythm is controlled by the SA and AV nodes and the conduction system, not the ventricles themselves.
D. To pump oxygenated blood into systemic circulation:
The left ventricle has thick muscular walls that generate the high pressure needed to pump oxygen-rich blood through the aorta and systemic arteries to the entire body. Dysfunction leads to decreased perfusion and signs of left-sided heart failure.
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