Which role of the nurse involves coordinating the client's care across multiple healthcare services and settings?

A. Mastering multiple specialties is not a requirement of Benner’s model and may not reflect progressive growth in a single area of practice.
B. Board certification demonstrates expertise but is not the focus of Benner’s theory.
C. Patricia Benner’s “From Novice to Expert” model describes how nurses develop clinical knowledge and skills through experiential learning across five levels: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.
D. Leadership or educator roles can be part of career development but are not specifically used to describe the progression in Benner’s model.

A. An older adult with terminal cancer may experience a maturational or anticipated crisis rather than a situational one.
B. A natural disaster is an example of an adventitious crisis, which is unexpected and often impacts many people.
C. A community responding to an infectious disease is also an adventitious or collective crisis.
D. A situational crisis results from a sudden change in life circumstances—such as relocation, job loss, or divorce—and can cause emotional distress and coping challenges.