Which route of medication administration has the fastest rate of absorption?
Intravenous route.
Oral route.
Intramuscular route.
Subcutaneous route.
The Correct Answer is A
This question tests the understanding of pharmacokinetics, specifically how different routes of administration affect the rate of drug absorption. It requires identifying the route that delivers the medication directly into the bloodstream, thereby achieving the most rapid systemic bioavailability for an immediate therapeutic response.
Choice A rationale
The intravenous route delivers medication directly into the systemic circulation, bypassing the absorption phase required by other routes. This provides immediate, 100 percent bioavailability, making it the fastest method for achieving high plasma drug concentrations for acute management.
Choice B rationale
The oral route requires the drug to pass through the stomach and intestines, undergo dissolution, and be absorbed through the gastrointestinal membrane before reaching the liver for first-pass metabolism. This is the slowest route of absorption among the provided options.
Choice C rationale
The intramuscular route involves drug absorption from the muscle tissue into the local capillaries. While faster than oral administration, it is significantly slower than the intravenous route because the drug must still diffuse from the muscle into the systemic circulation.
Choice D rationale
The subcutaneous route involves absorption from the adipose tissue into the bloodstream. This process is generally slow due to the relatively poor vascularity of fatty tissue compared to muscle or venous access, resulting in a delayed onset of systemic drug action..
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Step 1 is calculate the total daily dose ordered: 75 mg × 3 doses/day = 225 mg/day.
Step 2 is calculate the minimum recommended daily dose: 10 kg × 20 mg/kg/day = 200 mg/day.
Step 3 is calculate the maximum recommended daily dose: 10 kg × 40 mg/kg/day = 400 mg/day.
Step 4 is compare the ordered dose (225 mg/day) to the range (200-400 mg/day).
Step 5 is 200 mg < 225 mg < 400 mg. Final calculated answer is Choice C.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This question tests for knowledge of the adverse effects of prolonged topical decongestant use. It requires recognizing the pathophysiology of rebound congestion, which occurs when the nasal mucosa becomes dependent on exogenous adrenergic stimulation to maintain vasoconstriction, leading to severe chronic swelling upon cessation.
Choice A rationale
Nasal decongestants like phenylephrine are sympathomimetic agents that act locally on alpha-adrenergic receptors. They are not associated with systemic cholinergic inhibition that would cause constipation, which is a typical side effect of agents like anticholinergics or opioid medications.
Choice B rationale
Phenylephrine does not stimulate the production of respiratory secretions. It works through vasoconstriction of the nasal blood vessels to reduce mucosal edema, and it does not have a mechanism that would induce the production of sputum or productive cough.
Choice C rationale
Phenylephrine is a systemic or topical sympathomimetic stimulant. It does not possess sedative properties; in fact, patients may experience nervousness, insomnia, or increased heart rate due to its stimulatory effects on the sympathetic nervous system and its receptors.
Choice D rationale
Long-term use of nasal decongestants leads to rhinitis medicamentosa, or rebound congestion. The nasal blood vessels lose their ability to constrict normally after prolonged stimulation, resulting in increased swelling and severe congestion when the medication is discontinued by the patient.
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