Which structure serves as the primary site of gas exchange in the lower respiratory tract?
Alveoli
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
The Correct Answer is A
A. Alveoli: Alveoli are tiny sac-like structures in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood. Their thin walls and extensive capillary network maximize gas diffusion efficiency.
B. Pharynx: The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food. It does not participate in gas exchange but directs air toward the lower respiratory tract.
C. Trachea: The trachea conducts air between the larynx and bronchi. It provides a clear airway but is not involved in the actual exchange of gases.
D. Bronchi: Bronchi branch from the trachea to deliver air to each lung. They act as air passages and do not serve as the main site for gas exchange.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Thyroid hormone: Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism, growth, and development but has only a minor role in calcium homeostasis compared to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
B. Insulin: Insulin controls blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose and promoting glycogen synthesis. It does not significantly affect calcium levels in the blood.
C. Adrenaline: Adrenaline, produced by the adrenal medulla, mediates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, without direct regulation of calcium levels.
D. Parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone, secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium release from bones, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Touch: Touch is a general sense detected by mechanoreceptors distributed throughout the body. It provides information about pressure, vibration, and texture, and does not require specialized organs.
B. Smell: Smell is a special sense mediated by olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity, requiring a specialized organ for detection.
C. Hearing: Hearing is a special sense detected by the cochlea in the inner ear, which is specialized for auditory perception.
D. Vision: Vision is a special sense mediated by photoreceptors in the retina of the eyes, requiring a highly specialized organ.
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