Which structure within the nephron is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood?
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Bowman's capsule
The Correct Answer is D
A. Collecting duct: This is involved in the final processing of urine, not the initial filtration.
B. Loop of Henle: This is involved in reabsorption and urine concentration.
C. Distal convoluted tubule: This is primarily involved in the secretion of ions and fine-tuning of electrolyte balance.
D. Bowman's capsule: Filtration occurs at the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule; the capsule collects the filtrate forced out of the blood.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Reabsorption of potassium ions: Potassium balance is vital for cardiac function but is not the primary mechanism for pH regulation.
B. Filtration of proteins: Proteins are generally too large to be filtered; their presence in urine usually indicates kidney damage.
C. Excretion of glucose and sodium: These regulate energy and fluid volume, not blood acidity.
D. Secretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate: To raise blood pH (make it less acidic), the kidneys dump H+ (acid) into the urine and return HCO3 (base/buffer) to the blood.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Muscle weakness: This is more common in hypercalcemia or hypokalemia.
B. Chvostek's sign: A serum calcium of 7.5 mg/dL is low (normal is 9–10.5 mg/dL). Hypocalcemia causes neuromuscular irritability. Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped) is a classic finding.
C. Constipation: Constipation is a sign of hypercalcemia. Hypocalcemia often causes increased GI motility (diarrhea).
D. Hypertension: Hypocalcemia is more likely to be associated with hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias.
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