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In the context of emphysema, which of the following best explains the mechanism underlying impaired gas exchange?

A.

Increased number of alveoli

B.

Enhanced pulmonary blood flow

C.

Increased elasticity of lung tissue

D.

Destruction of alveolar walls

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Increased number of alveoli: Emphysema causes loss, not an increase, of alveoli.

B. Enhanced pulmonary blood flow: Pulmonary blood flow is often impaired due to destruction of capillary beds.

C. Increased elasticity of lung tissue: Emphysema is characterized by decreased elasticity, leading to air trapping.

D. Destruction of alveolar walls: Loss of alveolar walls reduces surface area for gas exchange and destroys capillary networks, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Wear underwear made from nylon: Nylon traps moisture and heat, which encourages bacterial growth. Cotton underwear is recommended for its breathability.

B. Drink 16 oz of cranberry juice each day: Cranberry juice contains compounds that can prevent bacteria (like E. coli) from adhering to the bladder wall, making it a standard recommendation for UTI prevention.

C. Use an over-the-counter douche product after intercourse: Douching disrupts the natural flora of the vagina, which can actually increase the risk of infections, including UTIs and yeast infections.

D. Wait to void until the bladder feels full: To prevent UTIs, patients should be taught to void frequently (every 2–4 hours) and avoid "holding it," which allows bacteria to multiply in the bladder.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Decreased alveolar surface area: The alveoli remain intact; the problem is not structural destruction.

B. Enhanced diffusion of gases: Gas diffusion is impaired, not enhanced.

C. Increased alveolar ventilation: Ventilation may be normal, but perfusion is impaired.

D. Reduced pulmonary blood flow: A pulmonary embolism blocks blood flow to ventilated alveoli, causing ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and impaired gas exchange.

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