Which type of anemia is characterized by insufficient or totally absent RBC production and results in a patient having the inability to fight infection and having a tendency to bleed?
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Folic acid deficiency anemia. This affects RBC maturation but does not usually cause the "pancytopenia" (loss of all cell types) described here.
B. Aplastic anemia. In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow fails to produce all three blood cell types: RBCs (anemia), WBCs (infection risk), and platelets (bleeding risk).
C. Pernicious anemia. This is a specific vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor; it does not shut down the entire marrow's production of other cells.
D. Iron deficiency anemia. This only affects the production and size of RBCs, not the immune system or clotting factors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypokalemia: The patient’s potassium is 4.0 mmol/L, which is within the normal range (3.5–5.0 mmol/L).
B. Hyperkalemia: The potassium level is normal.
C. Hyponatremia: This refers to low sodium (typically <135 mmol/L).
D. Hypernatremia: The normal range for sodium is 135–145 mmol/L. A value of 167 mmol/L is significantly elevated, likely due to dehydration (decreased fluid intake).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sclerosis. Sclerosis means "hardening" (as in atherosclerosis), which involves stiffening rather than dilation/bulging.
B. Thrombus. A thrombus is a stationary blood clot attached to the vessel wall.
C. Embolus. An embolus is a moving mass (like a clot or air bubble) in the bloodstream.
D. Aneurysm. An aneurysm is a localized, balloon-like bulge or dilation of a blood vessel caused by a weakened arterial wall.
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