Which waste product is produced when making ATP without oxygen (anaerobic)?
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide
Ketones
Bilirubin
The Correct Answer is A
A. Lactic acid: In anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is reduced to lactate (lactic acid) to regenerate NAD⁺ so ATP production can continue without oxygen.
B. Carbon dioxide: CO₂ is a major waste product of aerobic metabolism (citric acid cycle); it is not the primary product of ATP production when oxygen is lacking.
C. Ketones: Ketone bodies form during prolonged fasting or uncontrolled fat breakdown (ketogenesis), not as a direct product of anaerobic ATP generation.
D. Bilirubin: Bilirubin is produced from heme breakdown during red blood cell turnover and is unrelated to anaerobic ATP production.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle found in walls of viscera and blood vessels, not under conscious control.
B. Vascular muscle: Usually refers to smooth muscle within blood vessel walls, which is involuntary and regulated by autonomic and local signals.
C. Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, striated muscle of the heart with intrinsic rhythmicity (not consciously controlled).
D. Skeletal muscle: Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones that is consciously controlled for movement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Somatic: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements and does not produce decreases in heart rate or blood pressure.
B. Afferent: Afferent pathways carry sensory information to the CNS; they are not a motor division that directly lowers heart rate and blood pressure.
C. Sympathetic: Sympathetic activation raises heart rate and blood pressure as part of the fight-or-flight response.
D. Parasympathetic: Parasympathetic (vagal) activation slows SA node firing and reduces heart rate, and can lower blood pressure indirectly by decreasing cardiac output.
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