While assessing the mouth of a patient the nurse inspects and documents small, round, white painful lesions on the oral mucosa. Which finding is consistent with this manifestation?

Oral Candidiasis

Thrush

Hepatic Disease

Aphthous Ulcers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Oral Candidiasis: Oral candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection or thrush, typically presents as white patches or plaques on the mucosa, especially on the tongue, inner cheeks, and roof of the mouth. These lesions are not usually painful unless they become irritated or infected. They are different from aphthous ulcers, which are small, round, and painful sores that occur on the mucous membranes of the mouth.

B) Thrush: Thrush is another term for oral candidiasis, caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans. As with oral candidiasis, thrush typically presents as white lesions or patches rather than painful, round, white lesions like those seen in aphthous ulcers. These lesions can often be scraped off, which distinguishes them from the painful lesions associated with aphthous ulcers.

C) Hepatic Disease: Hepatic disease can cause various symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and abdominal discomfort, but it does not specifically lead to small, round, white painful lesions in the mouth. The lesions described in the question are more characteristic of aphthous ulcers rather than a systemic condition like hepatic disease.
D) Aphthous Ulcers: Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, round, painful lesions that commonly appear on the oral mucosa. These sores are typically white or yellow with a red border and are known to be painful, particularly when eating or talking. This condition is the most consistent with the symptoms described in the question, including the size, shape, and pain associated with the lesions.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Allergic conjunctivitis: Allergic conjunctivitis typically presents with symptoms such as itching, redness, and watery discharge, but the discharge is usually clear, not thick and sticky. It is caused by an allergic reaction and usually does not involve the white, thick, sticky drainage that is described in the question. Itching is a hallmark symptom, but it doesn't typically cause thick drainage.

B) Cataracts: Cataracts involve clouding of the eye’s lens, leading to blurry vision or difficulty seeing, but they do not cause redness, itching, or thick sticky drainage in the conjunctiva sac. Cataracts are a lens problem, not an issue with the conjunctiva, and would not present with the symptoms described in the question.

C) Bacterial conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by redness, thick, white or yellowish sticky discharge, and often causes itching or discomfort. The discharge is typically thick and can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking. This condition matches the symptoms described and is a common eye infection caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

D) Viral conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis also causes redness and watery discharge, but the discharge tends to be thin and watery, not thick and sticky like bacterial conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis often involves symptoms like tearing, irritation, and a more watery, clear discharge, and is typically associated with upper respiratory symptoms. It does not match the description of thick, white, sticky drainage.

A. pupil constriction B. cloudiness in the iris C. redness in the sclera D. cloudiness in the lens

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Pupil constriction: Pupil constriction (miosis) is not a typical sign of cataracts. Cataracts usually cause blurred or cloudy vision due to the clouding of the lens. Pupil constriction may occur in other conditions, such as in response to certain medications or neurological changes, but it is not associated with cataracts.

B) Cloudiness in the iris: The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. While cataracts affect vision, they typically involve the lens rather than the iris. Cloudiness in the iris could indicate other conditions, such as inflammation or infection, but it is not a characteristic of cataracts.

C) Redness in the sclera: Redness in the sclera (the white part of the eye) is usually caused by irritation, infection, or injury, such as conjunctivitis or subconjunctival hemorrhage. It is not a typical sign of cataracts, which primarily affect the lens and do not typically cause changes to the sclera.

D) Cloudiness in the lens: Cataracts are characterized by the clouding of the lens, which can result in blurry, hazy, or diminished vision. This cloudiness is visible during an eye examination, typically as a white or grayish opacity in the lens. This is the most consistent finding with cataracts.

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While assessing the mouth of a patient the nurse inspects and documents small, round, white painful lesions on the oral mucosa. Which finding is consistent with this manifestation?

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