While presenting a panel discussion to a group of parents about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, one of the parents asks the nurse, "Why would my daughter be more at risk than my son? Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?
"Girls have a smaller bladder size than boys do."
"Her kidneys are less well protected."
"A girl's urethra is longer than a boy's urethra."
"A girl's urethra is closer to the rectal opening."
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Girls have a smaller bladder size than boys do: Bladder size does not significantly differ between boys and girls in a way that increases UTI risk. The primary causes of higher UTI incidence in girls are anatomical and related to bacterial access to the urinary tract.
B. Her kidneys are less well protected: Kidney protection is generally similar between boys and girls, and kidney anatomy does not explain the higher UTI rates in females. UTIs usually originate from ascending infections, not direct kidney vulnerability.
C. A girl's urethra is longer than a boy's urethra: This is the opposite of the truth. Girls actually have a much shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel from the perineum to the bladder, increasing infection risk.
D. A girl's urethra is closer to the rectal opening: This proximity makes it easier for bacteria, especially E. coli from the gastrointestinal tract, to reach the urethra. Combined with the short length of the female urethra, this anatomical factor is the main reason why girls experience UTIs more frequently than boys.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Overriding Aorta: This is one of the four hallmark defects in Tetralogy of Fallot, where the aorta is positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect, allowing oxygen-poor blood to flow into systemic circulation.
B. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy: This occurs due to increased workload from pulmonic stenosis and ventricular septal defect, causing the right ventricle to thicken, and is a key feature of TOF.
C. Left Ventricular aneurysm: This is not associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. It is a localized outpouching or thinning of the left ventricular wall and is unrelated to the structural defects seen in TOF.
D. Pulmonic Stenosis: Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery restricts blood flow to the lungs and is one of the defining components of TOF.
E. Ventricular Septal Defect: A large hole between the right and left ventricles allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and is one of the four defects in TOF.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Routine childhood vaccines cannot be given to children with HIV, so extreme precaution needs to be taken for them to not get sick: Many vaccines are safe and recommended for children with HIV to protect them from preventable diseases; complete avoidance is not advised.
B. All recommended routine childhood vaccines are safe for children with HIV, but guidelines suggest administering only live, attenuated vaccines to provide optimal immune response: Live vaccines may pose risks in immunocompromised children; thus, their administration depends on immune status, not given universally for all children with HIV.
C. All recommended routine childhood vaccines are safe for children with HIV, regardless of their CD4 count or immune status: Immune status affects vaccine safety; children with severe immunosuppression may have contraindications for live vaccines.
D. Most recommended routine childhood vaccines are safe for children with HIV, with the exception that children with severe immunosuppression should not receive varicella or measles-mumps-rubella (MMR): In children with severe immunosuppression, live vaccines like MMR and varicella are contraindicated due to risk of vaccine-related disease, while other vaccines remain safe.
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