You are caring for a patient who was ejected from a vehicle during a bad car accident on the freeway. Your patient has an open fracture of the right ulnar bone and multiple small lacerations. Based on the mechanism of injury (MOI) what would be a priority to place on the patient?
Sterile gauze bandages to the bleeding lacerations
Cervical spine protective collar
Pillow under the back of the knees to promote blood return to the heart
Inflatable air cast on the right arm
The Correct Answer is B
A. Sterile gauze bandages to the bleeding lacerations: While it is important to address bleeding, the priority in a trauma situation, especially after ejection from a vehicle, is to stabilize the spine and prevent potential cervical spine injury.
B. Cervical spine protective collar: Given the mechanism of injury (MOI) — being ejected from a vehicle — the risk of a cervical spine injury is high. A cervical spine protective collar is the priority to prevent potential spinal cord damage, as the neck may have been subjected to significant forces during the accident.
C. Pillow under the back of the knees to promote blood return to the heart: While positioning can help with comfort and blood circulation, the priority in this case is stabilizing the cervical spine to prevent further injury, not promoting blood return.
D. Inflatable air cast on the right arm: The open fracture of the right ulnar bone requires immobilization, but stabilizing the cervical spine takes precedence in a trauma situation. The arm injury will be addressed after the patient's spine is secured.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increased heart rate: In hypovolemic shock, the body compensates for decreased blood volume by increasing the heart rate to maintain cardiac output and perfusion to vital organs. This is one of the first signs of shock, especially in response to blood loss or fluid depletion.
B. Increased deep tendon reflexes: Increased deep tendon reflexes are not a typical sign of hypovolemic shock. They are more commonly associated with neurological conditions or electrolyte imbalances, not circulatory shock.
C. Pulse oximetry 96%: A pulse oximetry reading of 96% is within the normal range and does not suggest hypovolemic shock. In shock, oxygen saturation would typically decrease, especially if perfusion is compromised, leading to hypoxia and lower oxygen levels.
D. Widening pulse pressure: A widening pulse pressure is generally associated with conditions such as increased intracranial pressure or head injury. In hypovolemic shock, pulse pressure tends to narrow due to a decrease in stroke volume and compensatory mechanisms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an elevated PaCO2 due to inadequate ventilation. In this case, the PaCO2 is low (28 mm Hg), which rules out respiratory acidosis as the cause of the acid-base imbalance.
B. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis typically involves an increase in HCO3 and a higher pH. Here, the HCO3 is low (18 mEq/L) and the pH is low (7.30), indicating that metabolic alkalosis is not present.
C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a decrease in HCO3 (less than 22 mEq/L), which leads to a low pH. In this case, the HCO3 is low (18 mEq/L), and the pH is also low (7.30), indicating metabolic acidosis. The low PaCO2 (28 mm Hg) suggests compensatory hyperventilation in response to the metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis involves a decrease in PaCO2 due to hyperventilation, which results in an elevated pH. While the PaCO2 is low (28 mm Hg), the pH is also low (7.30), making respiratory alkalosis unlikely.
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