You are caring for a patient with increased intracranial pressure due to subdural hemorrhage. Which of the following drugs would you expect to be ordered by the HCP?

A. Induce diuresis is incorrect because while hypertonic saline can have some osmotic effects, its primary purpose in the context of IICP is not to produce urine output. Diuretics like mannitol are more commonly used for osmotic diuresis.

B. Correct hyponatremia is incorrect because although hypertonic saline will raise sodium levels, the main goal in a patient with IICP is not just correcting hyponatremia. Sodium correction is secondary to its effect on reducing brain swelling. Rapid correction of sodium carries its own risks, such as central pontine myelinolysis, so careful monitoring is required.

C. Reduce cerebral edema is correct because 3% hypertonic saline creates an osmotic gradientthat draws water out of swollen brain tissue into the intravascular space. This decreases cerebral edema, lowers intracranial pressure, and helps prevent further neurologic deterioration. This is the primary goal of hypertonic saline in patients with increased ICP.

D. Increase blood pressure is incorrect because while hypertonic saline can increase intravascular volume slightly, its main therapeutic effect is on reducing brain swelling, not directly managing systemic blood pressure.

A. A prescribed volume of dialysate solution is infused through a catheter into the peritoneal space and inflow clamp is closed is correct because the inflow (fill) phaseof PD involves introducing a prescribed amount of dialysis solutioninto the peritoneal cavity through a tenckhoff catheter. Once the solution has entered, the inflow clamp is closed, allowing the patient to proceed to the dwell phase.

B. Waste products and fluids are drained from the peritoneal space into the drainage bag is incorrect because this describes the drain phase, which occurs after the dwell phase. During drainage, toxins, excess electrolytes, and fluidmove from the blood into the dialysate and are removed from the peritoneal cavity.

C. Diffusion and osmosis are occurring between patient's blood and peritoneal cavity is incorrect because this process occurs primarily during the dwell (equilibration) phase, not the inflow phase. During dwell, waste products and excess fluid move from the bloodstream into the dialysatevia osmosis and diffusion.

D. Access to AV graft is obtained with 2 large bore needles is incorrect because this describes hemodialysis, not peritoneal dialysis. PD uses a catheter in the peritoneal cavityrather than vascular access.