You recognize which of the following is an indication for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?
Having severe dilated cardiomyopathy
Being a good candidate for angioplasty and stenting
Having persistent, medically uncontrolled angina
Having right heart failure
The Correct Answer is C
A. Severe dilated cardiomyopathy may require medical management or heart transplantation, not necessarily CABG.
B. Being a good candidate for angioplasty and stenting is an indication for percutaneous coronary intervention, not CABG.
C. Persistent angina that is not relieved by medical therapy indicates significant coronary artery disease requiring surgical revascularization, making CABG appropriate.
D. Right heart failure is a symptom of underlying cardiac disease but is not a primary indication for CABG.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Fever increases metabolic demand and oxygen consumption, which can reduce SvO₂ by increasing tissue extraction of oxygen.
B. Serum amylase is related to pancreatic function and is not directly associated with SvO₂ changes.
C. Body surface area does not acutely affect SvO₂ levels in this context.
D. Decreased urinary output indicates possible renal hypoperfusion but is a secondary effect and does not directly explain decreased SvO₂.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Dopamine primarily increases heart rate and contractility (inotropy), but at higher doses it also causes vasoconstriction, which may increase afterload—not desirable in a patient with heart failure and hypotension.
B. Epinephrine increases both heart rate and systemic vascular resistance, which could increase afterload and worsen cardiac output in heart failure.
C. Vasopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor, which raises vascular resistance and may increase afterload, potentially worsening heart failure.
D. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker that decreases systemic vascular resistance by dilating peripheral arteries, thereby reducing afterload. Lower afterload improves cardiac output in patients with heart failure while also helping to manage blood pressure.
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