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Procedure Overview

Bone marrow aspiration is typically performed by a hematologist, oncologist, or other trained healthcare provider. The procedure involves the following steps:

  1. Patient Preparation: The patient is positioned comfortably, usually lying on their side or abdomen. Local anesthesia is administered to numb the skin and the bone marrow site.
  2. Site Selection: The most common sites for bone marrow aspiration are the posterior iliac crest (hipbone) and the sternum (breastbone). The specific site is chosen based on the patient's age, medical condition, and provider preference.
  3. Aspiration Process: Using a specialized needle, the healthcare provider carefully inserts the needle into the bone marrow space, puncturing the bone's hard outer surface to reach the spongy marrow.
  4. Aspiration and Biopsy: Once the needle is correctly positioned within the bone marrow space, a syringe is used to aspirate a small amount of liquid bone marrow, which contains blood and stem cells. A bone marrow biopsy may also be performed by removing a small core of bone and marrow tissue for further examination.
  5. Post-Procedure Care: After the procedure, pressure is applied to the site to control bleeding, and a dressing is applied. The patient is observed for any immediate complications or adverse reactions.

        

Questions on Procedure Overview

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This statement is incorrect. Bone marrow aspiration is not used to assess kidney function. Kidney function is typically evaluated through blood and urine tests, such as creatinine clearance or serum electrolytes.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This statement is incorrect. The tibia is not a common site for bone marrow aspiration in adults.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This statement is incorrect. Anesthesia is necessary for bone marrow aspiration to minimize pain and discomfort during the procedure.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>This statement is correct. During the bone marrow aspiration procedure, the patient will be asked to lie still to ensure accurate needle placement and reduce the risk of complications.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>This statement is incorrect. Muscle weakness and fatigue are not typical symptoms of complications after a bone marrow aspiration.</p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>Bone marrow aspiration is commonly used to diagnose and evaluate the cause of various blood disorders, including anemia. By examining the bone marrow cells, healthcare providers can identify the underlying cause of the patient&#39;s anemia.<br /> </p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect because bone marrow aspiration is not used to evaluate cardiac function. Cardiac function is typically assessed through various cardiac tests, such as electrocardiography (ECG) or echocardiography.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect because bone marrow aspiration is not used to determine kidney health. Kidney health is typically assessed through blood and urine tests.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect because bone marrow aspiration is not used to determine lung health. Lung health is typically assessed through respiratory tests and imaging studies.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect because bone marrow aspiration is not used to determine muscle strength. Muscle strength is typically assessed through physical examination and strength testing.</p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>This choice is incorrect because bone marrow aspiration may cause discomfort or mild pain, so local anesthetics are often used to numb the area before the procedure.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Restricting fluid intake for 8 hours before the procedure is not recommended for bone marrow aspiration. Patients are usually advised to maintain adequate hydration before the procedure.</p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>Common side effects of bone marrow aspiration include temporary pain or discomfort at the needle insertion site and bruising. These are generally minor and resolve on their own.<br /> </p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>Severe pain during a bone marrow aspiration may indicate complications or improper needle placement. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to assess the patient and take appropriate actions.<br /> </p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

<p>After a bone marrow aspiration, the patient should be instructed to report any signs of infection at the needle insertion site, such as redness, swelling, drainage, or increased pain, to their healthcare provider for prompt evaluation and treatment.<br /> </p>

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

<p>Development of bone fractures is not a common complication of the procedure. The needle used is usually very thin and does not cause fractures.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>Some patients may experience significant blood loss during the procedure, necessitating a blood transfusion to replace lost blood components.</p>

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>Slight redness and swelling at the site are expected after the procedure and are not indicative of a critical complication.</p>

<p>Restricting the patient&#39;s fluid intake is not a necessary intervention before a bone marrow aspiration. Adequate hydration is essential for the patient&#39;s well-being.</p>

<p>Complaints of tingling and numbness in the extremities may indicate nerve injury during the procedure and require immediate intervention and assessment by the healthcare provider.<br /> </p>

<p>Pain management medications may be prescribed after the procedure to alleviate discomfort and should not be discontinued without consulting the healthcare provider.</p>

<p>An elevation in body temperature to 100.4&deg;F (38&deg;C) or higher may indicate the development of an infection and requires further investigation and evaluation by the healthcare provider.<br /> </p>

<p>The patient&#39;s family medical history is not directly related to post-procedure follow-up care for a bone marrow aspiration.</p>

<p>While proper nutrition is important for overall recovery, consuming a high-protein diet is not directly related to preventing infection after a bone marrow aspiration.</p>

<p>Refraining from consuming solid foods for 12 hours post-procedure is not relevant to bone marrow aspiration care. Patients can resume their normal diet unless otherwise indicated by their healthcare provider.</p>

<p>The thigh is not a common site for bone marrow aspiration due to the thickness of the muscle and lack of direct access to the bone marrow.</p>

<p>Topical anesthesia is not sufficient for pain relief during a bone marrow aspiration procedure.</p>

<p>The primary purpose of a bone marrow aspiration is to collect a sample of bone marrow for examination and analysis. It helps diagnose various hematological and oncological conditions.<br /> </p>

<p>The lateral decubitus position is commonly used for bone marrow aspiration. The patient lies on their side with the knees and hips flexed to provide better access to the sternum or iliac crest.<br /> </p>

<p>Liver function tests (LFTs) are not directly related to bone marrow aspiration and are typically not assessed before the procedure.</p>

<p>Bone marrow aspiration can be performed from various sites, including the sternum, iliac crest, or other bones, so this statement is accurate.</p>

<p>A blood pressure cuff and stethoscope are not directly related to bone marrow aspiration and are not typically required for the procedure.</p>

<p>Informing the patient that bone marrow aspirations are always painful is incorrect and may cause unnecessary anxiety. The nurse should explain that discomfort can vary among individuals, and pain management measures will be provided during the procedure.</p>

<p>After a bone marrow aspiration, the nurse should instruct the patient to assume the lateral decubitus position with the knees flexed to help minimize the risk of bleeding and promote clotting at the aspiration site.<br /> </p>

<p>While bone health may be indirectly evaluated through bone marrow examination, the primary purpose of bone marrow aspiration is not to evaluate bone health.</p>
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