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Signs and symptoms


-The incubation period of EVD ranges from 2 to 21 days after exposure to the virus, but the average is 8 to 10 days. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and includes fever (>101.5°F or 38.6°C), weakness, severe headache, lack of appetite, joint and muscle pain, sore throat. These symptoms are followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, red eyes, abnormal kidney function, unexplained internal and external bleeding or bruising, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), increased liver enzymes, and increased white blood cells. The bleeding may occur from the nose, gums, eyes, ears, skin, stomach, intestines, or genitals. The bleeding may lead to shock, organ failure, and death. The case fatality rate of EVD varies depending on the virus species and the quality of care provided. It can range from 25% to 90%, with an average of about 50%. Some survivors may experience long-term complications such as joint pain, vision problems, hearing loss, memory loss, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

Questions on Signs and symptoms

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Elevated blood pressure is not a characteristic sign of vulvovaginitis and is unrelated to this condition.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Discontinuing metronidazole prematurely can lead to treatment failure and potential recurrence of infection.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Completing the full course of antifungal medication ensures complete eradication of the infection and reduces the risk of recurrence.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Joint pain is not a primary symptom in the early stages of EVD; muscle pain is more common.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

This statement is correct. Consuming contaminated food can transmit the virus. If the food is contaminated with infected bodily fluids or if an infected animal is consumed, transmission can occur.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This statement is incorrect. Joint and muscle pain are indeed associated with EVD and can be significant symptoms.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement is incorrect. Bleeding from the nose and eyes is significant in the context of EVD and should not be downplayed as insignificant.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The case fatality rate of EVD being the same regardless of the treatment received is incorrect. Adequate medical care and supportive treatments can significantly impact the outcome and lower the fatality rate.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Avoiding the use of hand sanitizers to prevent the spread of the virus is not a recommended precautionary measure. Hand hygiene, including the use of hand sanitizers, is still crucial in preventing the spread of infections, including Ebola.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Elevated serum creatinine levels are not a typical finding in EVD. Kidney dysfunction is not a primary feature of the disease, so elevated creatinine levels are less likely.

Correct Answer is ["B"]

Explanation

Return to work immediately after being discharged. This is not accurate. Patients who have recovered from EVD should be cautious about returning to work immediately due to potential fatigue and lingering symptoms. They should follow appropriate recovery guidelines.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) This is correct. ELISA is used to detect antibodies or antigens in the blood. It can be used to confirm the presence of Ebola virus antigens or antibodies, aiding in the diagnosis of EVD.

Monitoring organ function regularly. This is correct. EVD can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. Regular monitoring of organ function helps detect and manage potential complications.

EVD is not transmitted by mosquito bites. It is not caused by a mosquito-borne virus.

This is the appropriate response. It reassures the client that necessary precautions will be taken to prevent the spread of the disease and offers a sense of security.

While disinfecting surfaces is important for infection control, it may not be the most emphasized measure for EVD prevention.

Providing over-the-counter antiviral medication is not an appropriate action for suspected EVD. There is no specific antiviral treatment for Ebola, and symptomatic management alone would not address the potential for spread.

Droplet precautions are not appropriate for EVD either, as Ebola is not primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets.

Eating raw fruits and vegetables from local markets is not a recommended preventive measure for EVD. While hygiene practices and food safety are important, this choice does not directly relate to Ebola transmission.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the correct choice. It detects the presence of Ebola virus antigens or antibodies, providing definitive confirmation of EVD.

Monitoring organ function regularly is crucial because EVD can lead to organ failure, particularly liver and kidney dysfunction.

EVD is not transmitted by mosquito bites. It is not an arthropod-borne virus like malaria or dengue.

This statement is correct. Assuring the client that necessary precautions will be taken to protect them and others from spreading the disease is appropriate. This helps alleviate fears and fosters trust in the healthcare team.

<p>This statement is incorrect. Alcohol-based cleaners may not be sufficient to disinfect surfaces contaminated with the Ebola virus. Healthcare facilities should follow recommended guidelines for proper disinfection protocols.</p>
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