Specimen Collection

1. Blood Collection

Venipuncture

• Choose an appropriate site (often the antecubital fossa) and select the correct needle size based on the child's age and size.
• Apply a topical anesthetic or use a numbing cream to reduce pain.
• Ensure the child is calm and in a comfortable position.
• Use distraction techniques (e.g., toys, videos) to divert their attention.
• Have a comfort item or a favorite toy nearby for reassurance.
• Ensure a skilled and experienced phlebotomist performs the procedure.

Heel Stick (for infants)

• Clean the heel with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry.
• Warm the heel to increase blood flow (optional).
• Use a lancet to puncture the side of the heel.
• Collect the necessary amount of blood onto a filter paper or a microcollection tube.
• Apply gentle pressure to the puncture site to stop bleeding.

2. Urine Collection

Clean-Catch Method

• Clean the genital area thoroughly with wipes or soap and water.
• Provide a sterile urine collection cup.
• Instruct the child to start urinating into the toilet and then collect the midstream portion in the cup.
• Ensure proper labeling and timely transport of the specimen to the laboratory.

Bagged Urine Collection (for infants and toddlers)

• Apply a sterile adhesive bag over the genital area.
• Monitor the child for signs of urination.
• Once urine is collected, carefully remove the bag and transfer the urine to a sterile container.

3. Stool Collection

Clean Technique

• Provide a clean, dry bedpan or diaper liner.
• Instruct the caregiver to collect a small portion of the stool using a clean spoon or a designated collection device.
• Ensure proper labeling and transfer of the specimen to a sterile container.

4. Throat Swab (for bacterial cultures):

• Use a sterile swab to gently rub the tonsils and the back of the throat.
• Be careful to avoid causing discomfort or triggering a gag reflex.
• Ensure the swab reaches areas likely to harbor pathogens.

5. Nasopharyngeal Swab (for respiratory viruses)

• Insert a flexible swab through the nostril until it reaches the posterior nasopharynx.
• Gently rotate the swab to collect a sample.
• Ensure the swab does not touch the tongue or the palate.