Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago.
Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body? .
The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body
The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body
The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found
The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body's molecules to be preserved.
Correct Answer : C
The best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body is that it was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
Freezing can preserve a body by slowing down or stopping the decomposition process.
Choice A is not correct because the food that the person ate would not have contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
Choice B is not correct because the arrow wound would not have caused blood to flow out of the body in a way that would have cleared enzymes that break down tissue from the body.
Choice D is not correct because ultraviolet rays at high altitude would not have caused all of the body’s molecules to be preserved.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The polarity of water molecules explains its solvent abilities for certain substances.
Water is a polar molecule because it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end due to the unequal sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
This polarity allows water to dissolve other polar substances and ionic compounds.
Choice A.
Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules is not the correct answer because kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Choice B.
High specific heat is not the correct answer because specific heat refers to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Choice C.
High surface tension is not the correct answer because surface tension refers to the cohesive forces between liquid molecules and does not directly explain water’s solvent abilities.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Viruses.
Viruses lack essential machinery needed to reproduce by themselves.
In fact, viruses can only reproduce after infecting a living cell - a process called viral replication.
Once inside a living cell, viruses re-program the cell’s machinery to produce viral proteins and genetic material to make new copies of themselves.
Choice A, Bacteria, is not the correct answer because bacteria have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.
Choice B, Protozoa, is also not the correct answer because protozoa are singlecelled eukaryotes that have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.
Choice C, Helminths, is not the correct answer because helminths are multicellular parasitic worms that have their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce outside of a host cell.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
ADH is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland via neurohypophysial capillaries, where it is stored until it is ready to be secreted into the circulation.
Choice A.
Pineal gland is not correct because it is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice B.
Thymus is not correct because it is a gland located in the chest that produces hormones involved in immune system development, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice D.
Pancreas is not correct because it is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The glomerulus is the main filtering unit of the kidney.
It is formed by a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) enclosed within a sac called the Bowman’s capsule.
The blood supply to the glomerulus is provided via the afferent arteriole.
The blood then flows through the capillary network, where it gets filtered, and then leaves the glomerulus via the efferent arteriole.
Choice B.
Proximal tubule is not correct because it is where the ultrafiltrate collected in the Bowman’s space drains directly into.
Choice C.
Distal tubule is not correct because it is not mentioned in relation to blood exiting the glomerulus.
Choice D.
Afferent arteriole is not correct because it provides blood supply to the glomerulus.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels results in osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between the functioning of osteoclast and osteoblast cells.
Osteoblasts are responsible for forming new bone, while osteoclasts break down old bone.
If osteoblast activity declines while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels, this means that more bone is being broken down than is being formed, leading to a loss of bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Choice A is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Choice B is incorrect because a decline in osteoclast activity would not result in osteoporosis.
Osteoclasts break down old bone, so a decline in their activity would mean that less bone is being broken down.
Choice C is incorrect because an increase in osteocyte activity would not result in osteoporosis.
As mentioned earlier, osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the mineral concentration of the bone matrix.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Control.
A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.
The control group is used to minimize the effects of all variables except the independent variable.
This allows researchers to determine if changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable or if they are due to some other factor.
Choice A.
Responding is not the correct answer because it refers to the dependent variable, which is the variable that is being measured in an experiment.
Choice B.
Manipulated is not the correct answer because it refers to the independent variable, which is the variable that is being manipulated in an experiment.
Choice D.
Variable is not the correct answer because it refers to any factor that can change in an experiment and can include both independent and dependent variables.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
Since lithium has an atomic number of 3, it has 3 protons in its nucleus.
Choice A is not correct because 7 is the mass number of lithium, not the number of protons.
Choice C is not correct because 12 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Choice D is not correct because 4 is not the atomic number or mass number of lithium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus.
Reverse transcriptase is a virus-specific enzyme that transcribes an RNA template to DNA1.
This allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell.
Choice A, The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus, is not the correct answer because phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes and do not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Choice C, Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus, is not the correct answer because receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus play a role in attachment and fusion of HIV virons to host cells, but do not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Choice D, The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus, is not the correct answer because capsid is the outer protein shell of a virus and does not play a direct role in inserting viral DNA into the DNA of a host cell.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diameter.
The diameter is the measurement of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on its circumference.
In this case, the line across the center of the cell represents the diameter of the cell.
Choice A, Area, is not the correct answer because area refers to the amount of space inside a two-dimensional shape.
Choice C, Volume, is not the correct answer because volume refers to the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object.
Choice D, Radius, is not the correct answer because radius refers to the distance from the center of a circle to its circumference and is half the length of the diameter.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
In DNA, the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, while cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together.
Therefore, the complementary strand of the given DNA sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5' would have the complementary nitrogenous bases as:
5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’
NOTE: The 5’ to 3’ direction of the complementary strand is opposite to that of the given strand.
Choice A.
3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’ is not correct because it is not complementary to the given strand.
Choice C.
5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’ is not correct because it contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.
Choice D.
3’ TCGUTCGCU 3’ is not correct because it also contains uracil (U), which is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA.
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