A patient goes to the doctor with a cold and sore throat and asks for antibiotics. The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics to the patient because the illness is caused by which of the following pathogens?
Fungus
Virus
Protist
Bacteria
Correct Answer : B
The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics to the patient because the illness is caused by a virus. The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only used to treat bacterial infections.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe the cause of the common cold and sore throat. Fungus, protist, and bacteria are not the pathogens responsible for causing the common cold.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Ovulation is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg. During ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube where it may be fertilized by sperm.
The other options are not processes in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg. Oogenesis is the process of egg cell formation, menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining, and fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm to form a zygote.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Air resistance could be greater for A than for B.
Since both objects have the same mass but different times of fall, it suggests that there could be differences in air resistance affecting their fall rates. Object A took longer to fall, indicating that it might have experienced more air resistance compared to Object B.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Urea is a waste product that is formed when proteins are broken down in the body. It is excreted by the kidneys in urine, but small amounts can also be excreted by sweat glands in sweat.
The other options are not substances that are excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia. Lysozymes are enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls, water is a component of sweat but is not specifically related to protein breakdown, and sebum is an oily substance produced by sebaceous glands to lubricate the skin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a protein present in blood plasma that plays a key role in blood clotting. When an injury occurs and bleeding begins, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure that helps to trap blood cells and form a clot.
A. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, not a protein present in blood plasma.
B. Platelets are cell fragments that play a role in blood clotting, but they are not a protein present in blood plasma.
D. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, not a protein present in blood plasma.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Soap’s dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water. Soap is an emulsifier, which means that it has both polar and nonpolar regions. The polar regions of soap molecules are atracted to water, while the nonpolar regions are atracted to oil and grease. This allows soap to bond with both water and oil, helping to remove dirt and grime from surfaces.
B. Soap’s acidity does not cause grime to precipitate into the water.
C. Soap does not have enzymatic action that helps to dissolve grime into small particles.
D. Soap’s texture does not physically scour grime off surfaces.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Heart and lungs. The thoracic cavity contains the heart and lungs, which are at greatest risk from severe blunt trauma to this area.
a.The brain and spinal cord are not located in the thoracic cavity and are therefore not at greatest risk from blunt trauma to this area.
c.The liver and stomach are located in the abdominal cavity, which is below the thoracic cavity. While these organs may be affected by severe blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity, they are not at greatest risk.
d.The large and small intestines are also located in the abdominal cavity and are not at greatest risk from blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The unknown genotype is Aa. This can be inferred from the Punnet square, which shows that half of the offspring are Aa and half are aa. This indicates that the unknown parent must have one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a), making its genotype Aa.
The other options are not correct because they do not match the results shown in the Punnet square. If the unknown genotype was aa or AA, all of the offspring would have the same genotype as their parent. If the unknown genotype was a, it would not be a valid genotype as it only has one allele.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The function of a totipotent cell is to develop into any kind of cell ¹. Totipotent cells have the capacity to produce all adult cell types and can enter the germ line, contributing genetic material to succeeding generations ?. They have the ability to self-replicate, producing daughter cells that are identical to the parent ?.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the function of a totipotent cell. Fighting infectious diseases, aiding in the maturation of sex cells, and carrying electrical impulses are not functions performed by totipotent cells.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is b. Peptide bonds. Enzymes are proteins, and proteins are made up of amino acid monomers linked together by peptide bonds. A peptide bond is a covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.
a. Ester bonds are covalent bonds that form between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
c. Phosphodiester bonds are covalent bonds that form between a phosphate group and two hydroxyl
groups.
d. Glycosidic bonds are covalent bonds that form between two monosaccharides.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics to the patient because the illness is caused by a virus. The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only used to treat bacterial infections.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe the cause of the common cold and sore throat. Fungus, protist, and bacteria are not the pathogens responsible for causing the common cold.
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