Ligaments are tough bands of fibrous ssue that connect two bones together in a joint. They provide stability and support to the joint, prevenng excessive movement and helping to maintain proper alignment of the bones.

One of the main funcons of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. During inhalaon, air enters the lungs and oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream. During exhalaon, carbon dioxide is removed from the body and expelled into the environment.

The epididymis is a coiled tube located at the back of each testicle where the sperm mature and are stored until ejaculation. Sperm are produced in the testes and then transported to the epididymis where they undergo maturation and become motile. The epididymis provides a protective environment for the sperm, allowing them to mature and become more resilient to external stressors. During ejaculation, the sperm are transported from the epididymis to the vas deferens and then to the urethra for ejaculation.

• A. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum → A specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores and releases calcium for muscle contraction. ❌
• B. Muscle Fiber → Another name for a muscle cell, which is a long, cylindrical, multinucleated cell that makes up muscle tissue. ✅
• C. Sarcolemma → The cell membrane of a muscle fiber, which surrounds the muscle cell. ❌
• D. Myofilament → Protein structures (actin and myosin) within a muscle fiber that are responsible for contraction. ❌

The three major pairs of salivary glands are the parod glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular glands. The parotid glands are located just in front of your ears. The sublingual glands are below either side of your tongue, under the floor of your mouth. The submandibular glands are located below your jaw ¹.

Ribosomes are small, spherical structures found in all living cells, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Their primary function is to synthesize proteins using the genetic information stored in the cell's DNA. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, one large and one small, that come together during protein synthesis.

Ribosomes read the genetic information stored in mRNA (messenger RNA) and use this information to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, adding one amino acid at a time to the growing protein chain until it reaches the end of the mRNA and the protein is complete.

Proteins are essential for a wide variety of cellular functions, including catalyzing chemical reactions, providing structural support, and transporting molecules across cell membranes. Therefore, ribosomes play a critical role in the overall function and survival of a cell.

Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule using the DNA as a template.

The chemical formula for water is H2O. It consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a key role in breathing. It separates the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs. When it relaxes, it moves upward and decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, forcing air out of the lungs.

The diaphragm is responsible for regulating breathing rate and depth. It is a dome-shaped muscle located at the bottom of the chest cavity that contracts and relaxes to help move air in and out of the lungs.